Arbovirusi kod nas i u svetu

Abstract

Arboviruses are the most numerous group of viruses with 534 registered members. With a few exceptions, most of arboviruses are RNA viruses. Mostly they have zoonotic characteristics and are transmissible by vectors- arthropods (ticks, mosquitoes, phlebothomines etc.) on human and animal population. Arboviruses induced epidemics and epizooties have massive occurrence with huge economic loses. Primarily, arboviruses are neurotropic viruses that cause damage on central nervous system with lethality rate 5-80%, and are considered to be very dangerous- biohazard. Beside vector transmission interhuman transmission can occur (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Ebola, Lasso, Marburg). According to their characteristics, some of arboviruses took place in the List of biological weapons used against humans, animals and even plants. Investigation of Arboviruses in the Republic of Serbia has been started in 1960s, resulting with isolation of 5 arboviruses - 4 were isolated from vectors samples and one from human material sample. Two of them under the name of Jug Bogdanovac and Dubrava/Belgrade took place in the International catalogue of viruses as a new isolated arboviruses. The formation of distribution map of Arboviruses in Serbia was started by isolations and seroepidemiological investigations as well as overview of their impact to human public and veterinary medicine health.Arbovirusi su najbrojnija grupa virusa sa više od 534 registrovana člana. Sa malim izuzetkom to su RNK virusi. Većina su zoonoznog karaktera, a na ljude i životinje prenose se posredstvom artropoda (krpelja, komaraca, flebotomina). Epidemije i epizootije koje izazivaju su masovne sa velikim ekonomskim gubicima u zdravstvu i ekonomiji zemlje. Primarno su neurotropni i izazivaju oštećenja centralnog nervnog sistema sa letalitetom od 5-80%. Neki su veoma opasni - biohazardni i pored vektorskog prenošenja prenose se i intrahumano (Krimska - Kongo HG, Ebola, Lassa, Marburg i druge). Zbog svojih osobina neki arbovirusi su i na listi biološkog oružja protiv ljudi, životinja, pa čak i bilja. Istraživanja arbovirusa u Srbiji započeta su 1960 godine, a rezultirala su izolacijom 5 arbovirusa i to 4 iz vektora (Krpelja, komaraca i flebotomina), od kojih je jedan kao nov pod imenom Jug Bogdanovac ušao u međunarodni katalog, i jedan iz humanog materijala koji je pod imenom Dobrava/Belgrade takođe registrovan u međunarodnom katalogu arbovirusa. Izolacijama virusa i seroepidemiološkim istraživanjima započeto je formiranje karte rasprostranjenosti arbovirusa u Srbiji i sagledavanje njihove uloge u zdravstvu i veterinarskoj medicine