Two aphid species of the genus Illinoia Wilson, 1910 are reported for the first time in Bulgaria, Illinoia (Illinoia) azaleae (Mason, 1925) and Illinoia (Masonaphis) lambersi (MacGillivray, 1960). They are pest mainly on Rhododendron sp. and were collected from important ornamental plants in two garden centres in Sofia and the village of Ravda, Burgas Region. The new records are provided with original illustrations based on Bulgarian materials

Pencheva, Aneliya

Petrović-Obradović, Olivera

Yovkova, Mariya

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293ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICAActa zool. bulg., 71 (2), 2019: 293-296Short CommunicationIntroductionAphids are among the most important plant pests and many of them cause serious damage to orna-mentals and wild plants. Recent investigations on the aphid fauna on ornamental plants in Bulgaria show that the international trading contributes to the introduction of many pest species. As a result, some aphids have been detected in Bulgaria, such as Aphis (Aphis) spiraecola Patch, 1914, Elatobium abietinum (Walker, 1849), Idiopterus nephrelepidis Davis, 1909, Periphyllus californiensis (Shinji, 1917) and Tinocallis (Sarucallis) kahawaluoka-lani (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Rasheva & Andreev 2007,  Tasheva-Тerzieva et al. 2011, Yovkova & Petrović-Obradović 2011, Yovkova et al. 2014, 2016). About 40 aphid species have been report-ed from members of the genus on Rhododendron L. worldwide. Most of them belong to the genera Ericolophium Tao, 1963 (11 species) and Illinoia Wilson, 1910 (seven species) (Holman 2009, Blackman & Eastop 2018). The genus Illinoia (Aphididae: Aphidinae: Macrosiphini) consists of about 45 species, mostly originating from North America. Some of them have been introduced to various parts of the world and many species are as-sociated with plants of the family Ericaceae (Hille Ris Lambers 1973, Remaudiere & Remaudiere 1997, Holman 2009, Blackman & Eastop 2018). Records of aphid infestations on plants of the genus Rhododendron in Bulgaria have not been pub-lished. In this paper, we report two aphid species as-sociated with this plant genus in Bulgaria.Materials and MethodsSamples of Illinoia aphids were collected dur-ing the visual inspection of evergreen hybrids of Rhododendron species and other ornamental plants in two garden centres, one situated in the vil-lage of Ravda (Burgas Region, South Black Sea coast, 42.652447ºN, 27.668254ºE) and in Sofia (42.645706ºN, 23.313527ºE) in 2010 and 2016, re-spectively. The collected specimens were fixed in 70% ethanol. The specimens were mounted in perma-nent slides in Berlese medium (Hille Ris Lambers First Records of Two Species of the Genus  Illinoia Wilson, 1910 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in BulgariaMariya Yovkova1,2, Aneliya Pencheva3 & Olivera Petrović-Obradović41 Institute of Ornamental Plants, 1222 Negovan, Sofia, Bulgaria; E-mail: mariya_yovkova@abv.bg2 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria3 Department of Plant Pathology and Chemistry, Faculty and Landscape Architecture, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria: E-mail: ajp84@abv.bg4 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 6 Nemanjina Street, 11080 Beograd–Zemun, Serbia;  E-mail: petrovic@agrif.bg.ac.rsAbstract:  Two aphid species of the genus Illinoia Wilson, 1910 are reported for the first time in Bulgaria, Illinoia (Illinoia) azaleae (Mason, 1925) and Illinoia (Masonaphis) lambersi (MacGillivray, 1960). They are pest mainly on Rhododendron sp. and were collected from important ornamental plants in two garden centres in Sofia and the village of Ravda, Burgas Region. The new records are provided with original illustrations based on Bulgarian materials.Key words: aphid, Aphididae, Illinoia azaleae, Illinoia lambersi, pest, Rhododendron294Yovkova M., A. Pencheva & O. Petrović-Obradović1950). Identification was based on works by Heie (1995) and Blackman & Eastop (2018). The slides are deposited in the Institute of Ornamental Plants, Sofia, Bulgaria. ResultsFour alate viviparous of Illinoia (Illinoia) azaleae (Figs. 1, 2) were found in Ravda on a non-typical host plant, Eucalyptus sp. (Eucalyptus nitens?), located near to recently sold out evergreen Rhododendron plants on 10th June 2010 during the migration pe-riod of this aphid species. The Rhododendron and Eucalyptus plants had been imported from the Netherlands two months before the aphid detection.The Rhododendron aphid Illinoia (Masonaphis) lambersi (Figs. 3-5) was found in a garden centre in Sofia on evergreen Rhododendron sp. on 1st May 2016. The infested plants had been imported also from the Netherlands one month before the aphid detection. Dense colonies of larvae, nymphae, apter-ous and alate viviparous females were registered on the underside of infested leaves located mainly on the top part of the plants. Damage caused by this aphid was noticeable. The infested leaves remained smaller than usual.DisscusionHeie (1995) and Ortego et al. (2004) provide de-tailed descriptions of the morphology of I. azaleae and I. lambersi. The identification characters and the differences between these two aphid species are discussed by Blackman & Eastop (2018) and Heie (1995). Both detected Illinoia species are of Nearctic origin. Besides North America, I. azaleae is also distributed in South Africa, New Zealand, Argentina and Hawaii. In Europe, it has been recorded in Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (Holman 1991, Heie 1995, Ortego et al. 2004, Ripka 2008, Coeur d’acier et al. 2010, Wojciechowski et al. 2015).Except in USA, Canada and Chile, I. lam-bersi occurs across much of continental Europe. It has been detected in Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom (Holman 1991, Heie 1995, Fuentes-Contreras et al. 1997, Eklo & Hofsvang 2008, Coeur d’acier et al. 2010, Görür et al. 2011, Goffová & Wojciechowski 2013, Wojciechowski et al. 2015).Some biological characteristics and damage caused by these aphids are described in detail by Hille Ris Lambers (1973) and Ortego et al. (2004).In this study, aphids of the genus Illinoia are detected for the first time in Bulgaria. With I. azal-eae and I. lambersi, the total number of species of the family Aphididae recorded in this coun-try has reached more than 380 species (Grigorov 1980, Tashev 1982, Grigorov & Grigorov Fig. 1. Illinoia (Illinoia) azaleae (Mason, 1925).  Second segment of hind tarsus. Scale bar: 40 µm.Fig. 2. Illinoia (Illinoia) azaleae (Mason, 1925).  Alate viviparous female. Scale bar: 1 mm.Fig. 3. Illinoia (Masonaphis) lambersi (MacGillivray, 1960). Second segment of hind tarsus. Scale bar: 40 µm.First Records of Two Species of the Genus Illinoia Wilson, 1910 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Bulgaria2951995, Tasheva-Terzieva 1999, 2005, Trenchev & Tomov 2000, Tsankov et al. 2006, 2007, Rasheva & Andreev 2007, Tasheva-Terzieva et al.  2008, 2011, Tomov et al. 2009, Trenchev & Trencheva 2009, Yovkova & Petrović-Obradović 2011, Yovkova & Pencheva 2014, Yovkova et al. 2016), which demonstrates the continuous introduction and discovery of new species in the territory of Bulgaria.Both aphids are not presented in the neigh-bouring countries of Bulgaria (except I. azaleae in Romania). Taking into account their spread in Europe and the limited locations found in Bulgaria, it can be concluded that detected pests have been accidentally introduced into Bulgaria from the Netherlands via import of infested plants. I. azaleae and I. lambersi are pests on Rhododendron spp., or-namental plants that have become very popular in recent years in Bulgaria. They feed on young leaves, shoots and flower buds of rhododendrons and azal-eas. In Europe, aphids cause more damage on plants grown indoors or in greenhouses, where both species are mainly anholocyclic and are particularly impor-tant for container-grown plants. The damage caused by both Illinoia aphid species leads to abnormal leaf fall and causes a decrease of the quality of ornamen-tal Rhododendron plants (Heie 1995, Blackman & Eastop 2018). The records of these aphid species in Bulgaria could represent a serious problem for orna-mental hosts grown in greenhouses, nursery produc-tion and landscaping.Further studies on their actual distribution, bio-logical and ecological characteristics will contribute to a more appropriate pest control strategy of newly detected aphids and prevention of economic losses.Acknowledgements: We thank Dr Norbert C.A. de Ruijter and Prof. Ernst J. Woltering of the Wageningen University & Re-search Centre for their help with the preparation of photographic illustrations (Figs. 1, 3). ReferencesBlackman R. L. & Eastop V. F. 2018. Aphids on the world’s plants. Version 2018. Online at: http://www.aphidson-worldsplants.info/Coeur d’acier A., Hidalgo N. P. & Petrović-Obradović O. 2010. Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae). Chapter 9.2. BioRisk 4 (1): 435–474. Eklo T. S. & Hofsvang T. 2008. Location and host plant for 22 Norwegian aphids (Hemiptera). Norwegian Journal of Entomology 55: 175–178. 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First Records of Two Species of the Genus Illinoia Wilson, 1910 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Bulgaria

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First Records of Two Species of the Genus Illinoia Wilson, 1910 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Bulgaria

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