Procesna tehnika i termotehnika - stanje i potrebe

Abstract

The paper discusses the state of the process technique, thermo and power equipment in Serbia. Data were collected on the basis of the statistical census of agriculture, literature sources, and existing documentation chambers. Based on these data, it was found that age and amortization process and the process technique, thermo equipment is very high. The age by driers and silos in the public and privatized sector is an average of over 25 years. Therefore, the planned annual demand for the restoration of these devices are reduced in comparison to the real needs, mainly due to lack of funds. The table 1 lists the specific data of numerical state of individual equipment in 2012/2013th year and needs per year for period from 2014th to 2020th year. Increased the number of grain silos and metal cell storage of cereal grains and oilseeds in the private possession of medium size. Increased interest in vegetable production in greenhouses, and with it the growing interest in climatisation of air space. Also, the increased interest in building facilities for processing and cooling of fruits and vegetables. The analysis of the structure and the necessary processing equipment, it can be concluded that it is still necessary to import special processing and thermo equipment. It is at this point out that the domestic industry for process and thermo equipment sufficiently qualified to produce simpler processing devices and thermo equipment for domestic needs and for export. .U radu je razmatrano stanje procesne, termotehničke i energetske opreme u Srbiji. Podaci su prikupljani na osnovu statističkog popisa u poljoprivredi, literaturnih izvora i postojeće dokumentacije privrednih komora. Na osnovu ovih podataka ustanovljeno je da starost i amortizovanost procesne i termotehničke opreme je vrlo velika. Kod sušara i silosa u društvenom i privatizovanom sektoru ona u proseku iznosi preko 25 godina. Zbog toga planirane godišnje potrebe za obnovu ovih uređaja su smanjene u odnosu na stvarne potrebe, uglavnom zbog nedostatka sredstava. U tabeli su navedeni konkretni podaci brojčanog stanja pojedine opreme u 2012/2013. godini i godišnje potrebe za period od 2014. do 2020. godine. Povećao se broj sušara za zrno i metalnih silosnih ćelija za skladištenje zrna žitarica i uljarica na privatnom posedu srednje veličine. Povećan je interes za povrtarsku proizvodnju u zaštićenom prostoru, a s tim i raste interes za klimatizaciju prostora. Takođe, povećan je interes za izgradnju objekata za doradu i hlađenje voća i povrća. Na osnovu analize stanja i strukture potrebne procesne opreme, može da se konstatuje da je potrebno još uvek uvoziti specijalnu procesnu i termotehničku opremu. Neophodno je pri tom naglasiti da je domaća industrija procesne i termotehničke opreme dovoljno osposobljena da samostalno proizvodi jednostavnije procesne uređaje i termotehničku opremu za domaće potrebe i za izvoz.