A study was conducted in Bundi district of Rajasthan to analyze yield and economics of coriander under frontline demonstration. Results of the study revealed that yields in coriander were substantially higher over the Local Check (Control), fetching the participating farmers a higher price for their produce. A majority of the respondent farmers expressed high (44.32%) to very high (37.50%) level of satisfaction with extension services and performance of the technology under the demonstration

Bairwa, R K

Dhaka, B L

Meena, B S

Poonia, M K

English

B L Dhaka

M K Poonia

B S Meena

R K Bairwa

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INTRODUCTIONRajasthan is a leading producer of seed spices, mainlycoriander, and contributes 62% of India’s total production.It is grown mainly in the south and south-eastern plains ofRajasthan comprising Kota, Bundi, Baran and Jhalawardistricts, and accounts for the entire production in Rajasthan.However, productivity of coriander is low compared to itspotential yield. Farmers face numerous problems in an effortto realize the full potential of coriander production. Lack ofsuitable high-yielding varieties and poor knowledge ofimproved production technologies are ascribed as majorreasons for this. Productivity of coriander per unit area ortime can be increased by adopting feasible, scientific andsustainable management practices by selecting a suitablevariety. With this in view, frontline demonstrations were heldat farmers’ fields, in a systematic manner, to showcase theworth of high-yielding varieties, to convince them about thepotential of improved production technologies for enhancedproductivity in coriander.MATERIAL AND METHODSThe study was conducted in Bundi district of Rajasthanduring 2008-09 to 2011-12. During this period, a total of 88frontline demonstrations on coriander variety RCr 436 wereconducted at the farmers’ fields in the service area of ourKVK to convince farmers about the potential of this improvedvariety. All the demonstrations were conducted on medium-Yield and economic viability of coriander under frontline demonstrationin Bundi District of RajasthanB.L. Dhaka, M.K. Poonia1, B.S. Meena1 and R.K. BairwaKrishi Vigyan KendraPost Box No. 4, Bundi-323 001, IndiaE-mail: maheshkpoonia@gmail.comABSTRACTA study was conducted in Bundi district of Rajasthan to analyze yield and economics of coriander under frontlinedemonstration. Results of the study revealed that yields in coriander were substantially higher over the Local Check(Control), fetching the participating farmers a higher price for their produce. A majority of the respondent farmersexpressed high (44.32%) to very high (37.50%) level of satisfaction with extension services and performance of thetechnology under the demonstration.Key words: Coriander, farmer, frontline demonstration, yieldblack soils, under an area of 0.5 ha each. The participatingfarmers were trained in all the aspects of corianderproduction management. Yield data was collected from allthe 88 participating farmers, and economic viabilitycalculation was based on the prevalent market price of theproduce and inputs.Technology gap, extension gap and technology indexwere calculated using the following formulae (Samui et al,2000):Technology gap = Potential yield – Demonstration yieldExtension gap = Demonstration yield – Farmers’ yieldTechnology index = Potential yield – Demonstrationyield/Potential yield ×100Further, satisfaction level of the respondent farmerswas measured based on various dimensions like training ofthe participating farmers, timeliness of the services, supplyof the inputs, solving field problems, and extending advisoryservices, fairness of the scientists, performance of thevariety demonstrated and, overall impact of the FLDs.Satisfaction level of the farmers was measured using anindex prepared by Kumaran and Vijayaragavan (2005), uponnecessary modification. A total of 15 statements were scoredon a five-point continuum, viz., strongly agree (5), agree(4), undecided (3), disagree (2) and strongly disagree (1).Possible highest score obtainable was 75, and the lowest15. The respondents selected were interviewed personally1Krishi Vigyana Kendra, Borkhera, Kota - 324 001, Rajasthan, IndiaJ. Hortl. Sci.Vol. 10(2):226-228, 2015227Yield and economic viability of coriander in Rajasthanon a pre-tested and well-structured interview schedule.Responses were summed up to get the score on satisfaction.Satisfaction index was calculated as follows:Individual score of the farmerFarmer’s satisfaction index =  ×100Maximum scoreThe respondents were classified into five categories,from very-low to very-high, by dividing the score into fiveclasses of equal intervals.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONA comparison of the productivity level betweenfrontline demonstrations and Local Checks is shown in Table1. It is evident from results that under the demonstrationplot, performance of coriander (yield) was substantiallyhigher than that in the Local Check in all the years of study(2008-09 to 2011-12). Yield in coriander under demonstrationranged from 1575-1800kg/ha, compared to the Local Checks(1217-1628kg/ha) during the period under study.Technological intervention, thus, enhanced yield to a tuneof 31.88%, 32.35%, 12.50% and 10.20%, respectively, overthe Local Check. Fluctuations in yield observed over theyears were mainly on account of variation in soil moistureavailability, rainfall, soil type and pest attack, besides a changein the location of the trials each year. Similar enhancementin yield in different crops under frontline demonstrationswas documented by Mishra et al (2009), Dhaka et al (2010),and Kumar et al (2010).Yield in frontline demonstrations and the potentialyield of the crop was compared for estimating yield gaps.These gaps were further categorized as technology andextension gaps. Technology gap indicates a gap indemonstration-yield over the potential yield, and this was395, 425, 200 and 206kg ha-1 during 2008-09, 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively (Table 2). The technology gapobserved may be attributed to dissimilarities in soil fertility,salinity, and to an erratic rainfall and other vagaries ofweather in the demonstration area. Hence, to narrow downthe gap between the two types of yield in different varieties,location-specific recommendations may become necessary.Extension gap ranged from 166 to 388kg ha-1 duringthe period under study (Table 2). A wide extension gapemphasizes the need to educate farmers using various meansto facilitate adoption of improved production technologies,to reverse this trend. Greater use of the latest, improvedproduction technologies applied to high-yielding varieties cansubsequently bridge this extension gap betweendemonstration yield and potential yield. New technologies,may, eventually lead farmers into discontinuing obsoletevarieties.Technology index refers to the feasibility of a varietyat farmers’ field. A lower value for technology indexindicates greater feasibility. Table 2 reveals that technologyindex values obtained were 19.75, 21.25, 10.00 and 10.30during 2008-09, 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively.This finding corroborates results of Hiremath and Nagaraju(2009) and Dhaka et al (2010).The economics of growing coriander under frontlinedemonstrations were estimated and results are presentedin Table 3. Economic analysis of yield performance revealedthat besides higher production, participating farmers in FLDrealized a higher price of their produce compared to that inthe Control (Local Checks) during the period under study.This was so because of a better quality of the produce.Frontline demonstrations recorded higher gross returns (Rs.61793, 54968, 73800 and 80730 ha-1), and net returns (Rs.45743, 38218, 56000 and 61630 ha-1), with higher benefit:costratio (2.85, 2.28, 3.15 and 3.23) compared to the LocalChecks in our study, respectively. These results are in linewith findings of Gurumukhi and Mishra (2003), Sawardekaret al (2003), and Hiremath et al (2007).Farmers’ satisfactionSatisfaction level of the respondent farmers with theextension services and performance of frontlinedemonstrations was measured, and results are presented inTable 2. Yield gap and technology index in frontline demonstrationYear No. of Technology Extension TechnologyFLDs gap gap index(kg ha-1) (kg ha-1) (%)2008-09 10 395 388 19.752009-10 27 425 385 21.252010-11 36 200 200 10.002011-12 15 206 166 10.30FLD: Frontline demonstrationsTable 1. Productivity of coriander under frontline demonstrationYear No. of Yield (kg ha-1) Additional %FLDs FLD       Local yield over Increase             Check Local Check over Local(kg ha-1) Check2008-09 10 1605 1217 388 31.882009-10 27 1575 1190 385 32.352010-11 36 1800 1600 200 12.502011-12 15 1794 1628 166 10.20FLD: Frontline demonstrationsJ. Hortl. Sci.Vol. 10(2):226-228, 2015228Table 4. A majority of the respondents expressed high (44.32%) to very high (37.50 %) level of satisfaction at theextension services offered and performance of thetechnology under demonstration; whereas, a meagre (18.18)per cent of respondents expressed a medium level ofsatisfaction. High- to very-high level of satisfaction at theservices rendered, linkage with farmers and technologiesdemonstrated, indicated a stronger conviction, and, physicaland mental involvement in frontline demonstration. This, inturn, could lead to higher adoption of the technologies, whichwould prove the relevance of frontline demonstrations.It is concluded that frontline demonstration ofimproved technology reduces technology gap to aconsiderable extent, thus leading to increased productivityof coriander in Bundi district of Rajasthan. This alsoimproved linkages between the farmers and scientists, andbuilt confidence for adoption of the improved technology.Productivity enhancement under FLD over farmers’practices of coriander cultivation created a greaterawareness, and motivated other farmers not growingcoriander to adopt improved technologies in this spice crop.REFERENCESDhaka, B.L., Meena, B.S. and Suwalka, R.L. 2010.Popularization of improved maize productionTable 4. Extent of farmers’ satisfaction with extension services(n=88)Satisfaction level Class Number Per centVery Low 15-30 0 0.00Low 16-30 0 0.00Medium 31-45 16 18.18High 46-60 39 44.32Very High 61-75 33 37.50Table 3. Economics of frontline demonstrationVariable Demonstration Local Check Additional gain in demonstrationover Local Check08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12Cost of cultivation (Rs ha-1) 16050 16750 17800 19100 14500 15100 16300 17600 1550 1650 1500 1800Sale price (Rs. q-1) 3850 3490 4100 4500 3610 3140 3950 4370 240 350 150 130Gross returns (Rs. ha-1) 61793 54968 73800 80730 43934 37366 63200 71144 17859 17602 10600 9586Net returns (Rs. ha-1) 45743 38218 56000 61630 29434 22266 46900 53544 16309 15952 9100 7786Benefit:cost ratio 2.85 2.28 3.15 3.23 2.03 1.47 2.88 3.04 10.52* 9.67* 6.07* 4.33**Incremental benefit:cost ratiotechnology through frontline demonstrations in south-eastern Rajasthan. J. Agri. Sci., 1:39-42Gurumukhi, D.R. and Mishra, S. 2003. Frontlinedemonstration - a success story. Agri. Extn. Rev.,15:22-23Hiremath, S.M. and Nagaraju, M.V. 2009. Evaluation offrontline demonstration trials on onion in Haveri districtof Karnataka. Karnataka J. Agril. Sci., 22:1092-1093Hiremath, S.M., Nagaraju, M.V. and Shashidhar, K.K. 2007.Impact of frontline demonstrations on onionproductivity in farmers’ field. In: National Seminaron Appropriate Extension Strategies forManagement of Rural Resources, University ofAgricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Kranataka, India,December 18-20, 2007, p. 100Kumar, A., Kumar, R., Yadav, V.P.S. and Kumar, R. 2010.Impact assessment of frontline demonstrations ofbajra in Haryana State. Indian Res. J. Extn. Edn.,10:105-108Kumaran, M. and Vijayaragavan, K. 2005. Farmers’satisfaction of agricultural extension services in anirrigation command area. Indian J. Extn. Edn., 41:8-12Mishra, D.K., Paliwal, D.K., Tailor, R.S. and Deshwal, A.K.2009. Impact of frontline demonstrations on yieldenhancement of potato. Indian Res. J. Extn. Edn.,9:26-28Samui, S.K., Maitra, S., Roy, D.K., Mondal, A.K. and Saha,D. 2000. Evaluation of frontline demonstration ongroundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) in Sundarbans. J.Indian Soc. Coastal Agril. Res., 18:180-183Sawardekar, S.V., Dhane, S.S. and Jadhav, B.B. 2003.Frontline demonstration performance of salt-tolerantrice varieties in coastal saline soils. IRRN, 28:73-74(MS Received 14 August 2013, Revised 16 May 2015, Accepted 05 June 2015)Dhaka et alJ. Hortl. Sci.Vol. 10(2):226-228, 2015

Yield and Economic Viability of Coriander under Frontline Demonstration in Bundi District of Rajasthan

Journal of Horticultural Sciences

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Yield and Economic Viability of Coriander under Frontline Demonstration in Bundi District of Rajasthan

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