On December 31, 2015, China elevated the status and stature of its nuclear and missile forces by making the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (PLARF) a fourth military Service alongside the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Since then, the pronouncements and directions of Chinese President Xi Jinping and press releases have bolstered and further enhanced the importance that China attaches to its PLARF. Owing to China's increasing attention to the PLARF, it becomes imperative to understand the Chinese approach to the modernisation of the PLARF and its future role. The pertinent query lies in understanding how this capability will be instrumental in actualising China's role in the future. Keeping this context, the assessments will be drawn from a context and content analysis of the official papers and documents of press releases to determine if there is a genuine commitment to the official word or there is an asymmetry in the theory and practice. In doing so, the paper seeks to examine two key issues: first, application of the proposed thoughts and ideas; and second, evaluation of the consonance between professing and practice

Nagal, Balraj Singh

English

On December 31, 2015, China elevated the status and stature of its nuclear and missile forces by making the People\u27s Liberation Army Rocket Force (PLARF) a fourth military Service alongside the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Since then, the pronouncements and directions of Chinese President Xi Jinping and press releases have bolstered and further enhanced the importance that China attaches to its PLARF. Owing to China\u27s increasing attention to the PLARF, it becomes imperative to understand the Chinese approach to the modernisation of the PLARF and its future role. The pertinent query lies in understanding how this capability will be instrumental in actualising China\u27s role in the future. Keeping this context, the assessments will be drawn from a context and content analysis of the official papers and documents of press releases to determine if there is a genuine commitment to the official word or there is an asymmetry in the theory and practice. In doing so, the paper seeks to examine two key issues: first, application of the proposed thoughts and ideas; and second, evaluation of the consonance between professing and practice

CLAWS Journal

The Dragon Bares Its Fangs: Modernisation of Plarf to Support an Expansionist Policy

On December 31, 2015, China elevated the status and stature of its nuclear and missile forces by making the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (PLARF) a fourth military Service alongside the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Since then, the pronouncements and directions of Chinese President Xi Jinping and press releases have bolstered and further enhanced the importance that China attaches to its PLARF.
Owing to China's increasing attention to the PLARF, it becomes imperative to understand the Chinese approach to the modernisation of the PLARF and its future role. The pertinent query lies in the understanding how this capability will be instrumental in actualising China's role in the future. Keeping this context, the assessments will be drawn from a context and content analysis of the official papers and documents of press releases to determine if there is a genuine commitment to the official word or there is an asymmetry in the theory and practice. In doing so, the paper seeks to examine two key issues: first, application of the proposed thoughts and ideas; and second, evaluation of the consonance between professing and practice

Nagal, B. S. (Balraj)

Neliti

The Dragon Bares Its Fangs: Modernisation of PLARF to Support an Expansionist Policy

IndraStra Global: E-Journals

May 8,2019Climate Change Threatens Water Transfer Between Tagus-Segura Riversindrastra.com/2019/05/Climate-Change-Threatens-Water-Transfer-Between-Tagus-Segura-Rivers-005-05-2019-0030.htmlBy Adeline Marcosvia Servicio de Información y Noticias Científicas (SINC)Image Attribute: Reservoir Los Anguijes, end of water transfer open section Tajo-Segura,beginning Talave tunnel. / Source: Manchego, WikipediaGlobal warming will cause the Iberian Peninsula to suffer more and more water shortages,with serious economic losses. Less snow, less rain and less flow will endanger the1/4continuation of the transfers from one basin to another. A new study on these effects onthe transfer between the Tagus-Segura Rivers foresees that by 2070 it will not be possible totransfer water if the climatic projections prove accurate.The Segura Basin has been receiving water from the Tagus River thanks to one of the largestengineering hydraulic works in Spain since 1979. Forty years later, the flow transferred isincreasingly scarce due to a factor not taken into account at the time of construction:climate change. Climate projections for the Peninsula are very pessimistic. Scarcer rainfall and risingtemperatures will cause major fluvial alterations, especially in rivers that depend ongroundwater discharges and thawing. A clear example is the case of the upper Tagus Riverbasin, whose surplus water resources are being transferred to the Segura River, accordingto the current exploitation rule."In recent years, transfers to the Segura River basin from the headwaters of the Tagus have beenmuch lower than planned. Instead of the theoretical 540 hm3/year that should arrive, there havebeen flows into the Segura river basin with only 365 hm3/year on average," Francisco Pellicer, aresearcher at the Catholic University of Murcia, has told Sinc.Without water by 2070In a study published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Pellicer and José MiguelMartínez Paz, professor at the University of Murcia, have analyzed the possible effects ofclimate change on the Tagus-Segura transfer, one of the most important in southernEurope. The research team compared one scenario without climate change with two otherscenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). “In a climate change scenario, from 2040 onwards, the periods of drought in which there wouldbe no transfers would intensify. In the other scenario, the situation would be even more criticalafter 2070, since no transfer could take place,” warns Pellicer, lead author of the paper, whichhas received support from the Seneca Foundation-Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de laRegión de Murcia (Murcia Region Science & Technology Foundation).To understand possible alterations in the water cycle, experts simulated climate projectionsand calibrated a hydrological model. Predictions indicate future reductions of between 68%and 90% in snowfall and snow cover, and a decrease of between 70% and 79% in waterflows that could be transferred to the Segura River basin, compared to a scenario withoutclimate change.2/4In this sense, in the first climate change scenario analyzed, in which CO2emissions would bestabilized, the average transferred flow that would reach the Segura River basin would be ofaround 111 hm3/year. “While for the scenario in which emissions are not stabilized, the flowthat would be transferred would be of about 77 hm3/year, 14% of the expected total,”reports the researcher. The future of the transfer“The modeling we have carried out is a still photo of the current management, in which we havemodified future water resources assuming that climate change projections become true. However,water management is a process that is constantly evolving,” Pellicer has said to Sinc. Given the climate change forecasts, experts suggest that the necessary measures beadopted, such as revising the exploitation rules of the transfer - established by Spanishlegislation - to anticipate possible supply problems. Otherwise, the Segura River basin, which will suffer a decrease in its own water resources,also due to climate change, could find itself without resources coming from the Tagus River.“But it is difficult to predict exactly what the future situation of the Segura River basin is going tobe like,” the scientist points out. What the researchers have been able to estimate is the economic impact of climate changeon the transfer, which would fundamentally affect the agricultural sector of the Segura Riverbasin. According to the researchers, direct economic losses of between €380 million and€425 million/year would be generated and some 7,000 direct jobs would be destroyed. This situation would occur if no significant changes were made to the structure of wateruses in the Segura River basin and if the available water resources were not increasedthrough desalination or transfers from other basins. In addition, climate change will also have an impact on the environment in both basins. Theexpected alteration of water flows will have a negative impact on river ecosystems andassociated riparian forests.This article is republished from SINC under a Creative Commons license.  About the AuthorAdeline Marcos is a journalist specializing in the environment. Editor of SINC's naturalsciences section.3/4ReferenceFrancisco Pellicer Martínez, José Miguel Martínez Paz. 2018. “Climate change effects on thehydrology of the headwaters of the Tagus River: implications for the management of the Tagus-Segura transfer” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22(12): 6473-6491 DOI: 10.5194/hess-22-6473-20184/4

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The Dragon Bares Its Fangs: Modernisation of Plarf to Support an Expansionist Policy

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