Disabled people often use the electric scooter as a means of transport. However, the electric scooter designed for disabilities is too bulky and not light in shape. It is not only awkward on the road but brings inconvenience to young people with disabilities. In the first phase of the study, first the electric scooter with a higher market share as a design reference was collected; then we use the image scale analysis to determine the market position of the electric scooter. Combine each major component and derive detail design of the product through Morphological chart method and Finite Structure Method (FSM). This study uses this method to complete the development of product modeling and analyze the configuration of the product as the main function in the structural and main function in space. Let function and appearance have the efficient combination. Then use Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to obtain objective decision results. The use of Concurrent Design Strategy can effectively shorten the development process and increase the chance of product success.
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Keywords: concurrent design, electric scooter, morphological chart method, finite structure method, analytical hierarchy proces

Hsiao, S-W

Hsu, Y-H

English

KnE Publishing Platform

ICOI-2018The 2018 International Conference of Organizational InnovationVolume 2018Conference PaperConcurrent Design Strategy in Modeling andStructure of Electric Scooter for YoungDisabilitiesShih-Wen Hsiao and Ya-Han HsuDepartment of Industrial Design, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanAbstractDisabled people often use the electric scooter as a means of transport. However, theelectric scooter designed for disabilities is too bulky and not light in shape. It is notonly awkward on the road but brings inconvenience to young people with disabilities.In the first phase of the study, first the electric scooter with a higher market share asa design reference was collected; then we use the image scale analysis to determinethe market position of the electric scooter. Combine each major component andderive detail design of the product through Morphological chart method and FiniteStructure Method (FSM). This study uses this method to complete the development ofproduct modeling and analyze the configuration of the product as the main functionin the structural and main function in space. Let function and appearance have theefficient combination. Then use Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to obtain objectivedecision results. The use of Concurrent Design Strategy can effectively shorten thedevelopment process and increase the chance of product success.Keywords: concurrent design, electric scooter, morphological chart method, finitestructure method, analytical hierarchy process1. IntroductionThe mental development and external social development for young disabilities oftenfeel psychological discomfort due to secular vision. For young disabilities, they havethe authority of Autonomy, choice, and control is important, they can live indepen-dently don’t have different from ordinary people [1]. In recent years, the market forelectric vehicles has risen year by year with the awareness of environmental pro-tection. In Taiwan, the government considers zero-emission vehicles as a sustainablemode of transportation. Therefore, the development of zero-emission vehicles is animportant strategy for the construction of a transportation network [2]. The electricscooter design for young disabilities needs to consider the appearance as well asHow to cite this article: Shih-Wen Hsiao and Ya-Han Hsu, (2018), “Concurrent Design Strategy in Modeling and Structure of ElectricScooter for Young Disabilities” in The 2018 International Conference of Organizational Innovation, KnE Social Sciences, pages 1665–1679.DOI 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3501Page 1665Corresponding Author:Ya-Han Hsuswhsiao@mail.ncku.edu.twReceived: 29 August 2018Accepted: 18 September 2018Published: 11 November 2018Publishing services provided byKnowledge EShih-Wen Hsiao and Ya-HanHsu. This article is distributedunder the terms of the CreativeCommons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted useand redistribution provided thatthe original author and sourceare credited.Selection and Peer-reviewunder the responsibility of theICOI-2018 ConferenceCommittee.ICOI-2018the psychological and environmental factors. This study is based on the morpholog-ical chart method for the design of modeling, then use Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) to obtain the best decision through those methods can systematic analysis ofdetails that are often overlooked. Using this method of Concurrent Design Strategy notonly take into account the appearance, production feasibility, and market demand, butalso improve the communication efficiency between different departments, as well asshorten the product production cycle, and greatly increase the success rate of productdevelopment.2. Theoretical Background2.1. Image scale methodAccording to the status of the existing products on the market for an objective evalua-tion, the evaluation results are marked on the X, Y axis of the coordinate system. The Xand Y axis represent different image vocabularies. According to various requirements,the meaning of the axis can be set by yourself, and in the table to select the desiredtarget product location, graphically and in proportion to clearly show the differencesbetween products.2.2. Objective tree analysisObjective Tree Analysis is a hierarchical structure analysis, establish hierarchical rela-tionships between issues and solutions.Once the problem is found, the problem willbe solved as a second-level branch. To concretize the problem solved, a third layer canbe formed by decomposing the solution into a sub-solution. In the general case, thereis a difference in importance between design goals at the same level, so appropriateweights must be set for different design purposes, and different design goals can bedistinguished by different weight settings [3].2.3. Finite structure method (FSM)The Finite Structure Method (FSM) first establishes the main function of the product,and then decomposes the secondary function from the main function. The secondaryfunctions are changed in a certain amount such as configuration, arrangement of space,and size to obtain the desired shape. In order to achieve the main function of theDOI 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3501 Page 1666ICOI-2018purpose of the allocation of secondary functions, and then produce product modeling,the following steps are carried out [4],Step1: Identify all the main function of the tar-get product.Step2: Decompose the main function which is the combination of severalsub-functions, and limited with a certain number elements.Step3: Quantify the basicstructure, which is the arrangements of limited sub-functions. Step4:Ensure the form ofmultiplicity, we consider the consistency of the original product design.Step5: Choosethe best alternative. The main function of the product is divided into a combination ofseveral secondary functions, and the elements that achieve the secondary functionare referred as components. The combination of components also changes the shapeof the product, so each product can use this concept to reorganize the sub-functionalcomponents and assist in the development of the design.2.4. Morphological chart methodMorphological chart method include various parameters and components that describethe functional characteristics needed to produce a product. They point out the appear-ance and connotation of product; components are the characteristics that can bedescribed in parameters or the means or methods that can be implemented [5].All inall, it is a form design method that dismantles the original product into various designelements by dismantling and regroups these design elements [6].2.5. Analytical hierarchy processThe purpose of the development of hierarchical analysis is to systematize complexissues. Decomposing levels at different levels and using quantitative judgments toobtain a comprehensive assessment of the context can provide decision makers withthe right choices and reduce the mistakes of decision-making [7]. The hierarchicalanalysis is a systematic process for solving hierarchical problems. It organizes problemsafter they have been dismantled layer by layer, allowing decision-makers to determinethe order the weights of the problems through paired comparisons.3. Case StudyDeveloping electric vehicles in Taiwan has become an indicator green industry, thedevelopment of the locomotive industry has even achieved large-scale integration.Therefore, the autonomy of Taiwan’s locomotive industry is quite strong and it hasDOI 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3501 Page 1667ICOI-2018a high degree of competitive advantage [8].Collect data from various pipelines andconduct surveys to obtain major design goals then list the detailed analysis of thefunctional structure, shape design, etc. of the various electric scooter, and you canclearly understand the main design features and minor features, as shown in Table I,Table II.T 1: Market Survey.T 2: Market Survey.Simultaneously, the collected products will be related to the image scale analysis.DOI 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3501 Page 1668ICOI-20181. The meaning of horizontal axis coordinates is: large volume→ small volume2. The meaning of vertical axis coordinates is: Modeling Conservative → ModelingModernFigure 1: Image Scale of Existing Products.According to the product of the image scale position, the difference of the existingproduct can be understood. During the process, the integrity of the retained imageis used as a reference for subsequent design, and the image scale analysis is usedas a model. On image scale, modern and conservative are the horizontal axes of thecoordinates, and the large and small coordinate axes are shown in Figure 1. This showsthat there is a lack of modern and small-sized electric scooter designs in the market.The follow-up of this paper will be the focus of development.3.1. Black box DiagramAnalyze the procedure hidden between the input and output of the electric car witha black box analysis, and predict the potential problems and difficulties in using, andeach link to design thinking as Figure 2.3.2. Establish design criteriaIt is very important to determine the elements of the design in the early stages of thedesign. Through the analysis of the target tree, as shown in Figure 3, the design goalsDOI 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3501 Page 1669ICOI-2018Figure 2: Black box analysis.are divided into four categories, including convenience, safety, comfort, andmodernity,then list design elements to providemore detail to achieve the goal. D andW, as shownin the figure, represent the necessity of ”need” and ”expect” elements.3.3. Design processIn order to optimize the design, this study first analyzes the functional features ofexisting products. Use the image scale to determine the product’s development direc-tion, and cooperate with the Morphological chart method, FSM, and AHP to assist theelectric scooter concept development and select the best design solution, this designprocess is shown in Figure 4.3.4. Concept developeThe development of the electric mobility scooter in this study is divided into threephases. The detailed steps are as follows:DOI 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3501 Page 1670ICOI-2018Figure 3: Target tree item.Figure 4: Design process.3.4.1. Morphological chart methodThe concept of electric mobility scooter re-design is introduced according to the Mor-phological chart method, as shown in Table III.DOI 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3501 Page 1671ICOI-2018T 3: Morphological chart of electric scooter.3.4.2. Finite structure method (FSM)Figure 5 shows the configuration development of the battery and motor in the struc-tural variables and space through the morphological chart method then compare var-ious programs. The battery will affect the weight of the car body and the size of thecar body. The motor is divided into front and rear wheel drive, affecting the maneu-verability and direction stability of the car body. This article places the motor in therear wheel and the rear wheel drive is the most commonly used drive type. It hasgood stability and good handling at low speeds [9]. The battery is also configured atthe back end, in order to increase the front-end space and the stability of gravity, theresult is shown in Figure 5(L).DOI 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3501 Page 1672ICOI-2018Figure 5: Analysis of Configuration of Main Functions (Battery, Motor) on Structural Variables.3.4.3. Conceptual sketchingIntegrate the analysis of electric scooter functions of the above morphological chartanalysis method and Finite Structure method, and re-design the analysis result intomultiple ideas and sketch development, as shown in Figure 6.7 below.Figure 6: Sketch of electric scooter.3.5. Concept assessmentBased on the development of the concept sketch above, three design options A, B,and C are selected. These three options are mainly based on three-wheeled vehicles.DOI 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3501 Page 1673ICOI-2018Figure 7: Conception Detail Design.In the future, the business opportunities of electric tricycles may be higher than thatof electric four-wheeled vehicles. There are tens thousands of four-wheelers electricscooter are needed, but one hundred thousands of three-wheelers electric scooter,so three-wheelers electric scooter has rich business opportunities [10], and the formis light and simple to meet the current trend of the times. Then perform the AHPmethod to calculate the best plan and use Table IV as the selection criteria, and baseon AHP analysis and weight addition calculation, the weight values are shown in TableV. Finally, the AHP matrix operation is performed on the design scheme. The operationresult is shown in equation (1).T 4: Selection criteria.3.6. 3D ModelingThrough the above AHP method to evaluate the A, B, C three programs, the finalcalculation result is that the best design for the B, the B program to 3D softwareconstruction product appearance shown in Figure 8-9.DOI 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3501 Page 1674ICOI-2018T 5: Scheme weight value Selection criteria.3.7. Color planningThe color scheme takes PANTONE 2018’s annual representative color as one of con-siderations, then refers to the 2018 spring fashion color collocation, and finally makesa series of developments in black and white, as shown in Figure 9 - Figure 11.4. Results and DiscussionThe final design of electric scooter is mainly for young disabilities. In addition to addingnew technologies, the body adopts a minimalist design concept, which emphasizeslightweight, simple appearance and modern feel. The final design feature is:1. Telescopic folding provides users with more features for selective use.2. With rear-wheel drive, driving is better at low speeds.DOI 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3501 Page 1675ICOI-2018Figure 8: 3D Modeling with Equal view and rear view.Figure 9: PANTONE released 2018 spring fashion color.3. The use of three-wheeled scooter to reduce the outside of the vehicle is also fullof future market demand.DOI 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3501 Page 1676ICOI-2018Figure 10: Electric scooter modeling series color plan.Figure 11: Electric scooter detail design.4. Retractable seats, which are lighter and lighter in appearance and less bulky inappearance.5. Lithium-based batteries can be quickly charged and have a long service life [11].5. ConclusionDesigners often develop products based on personal perception. When making deci-sions, there is no objective data to design. Product success depends on good luck orthe designer’s own rich experience. The entire design process used traditional industryblack box operations, causing unexpected ills. This study mainly discusses that con-current design strategies can effectively save product development and design time.Through image scale analysis and black box design methods, market positioning anddesign specifications can be clearly defined, then morphological chart methods, FSM,and AHP hierarchical analysis methods can be integrated. The model supplementedDOI 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3501 Page 1677ICOI-2018by the color plan refers to the development of the electric scooter and the resultsof computer-aided design simulation design case studies. These methods not onlysatisfy the consumer’s functional, aesthetic needs and design specifications but alsoaccelerate the design process. Significantly increase the success rate of product com-mercialization.References[1] Cornelia Schneider, Brenda Hattie Eason, “Exploring the social lives of youngadults with disabilities,” Mount Saint-Vincent University, 166, Bedford Hwy, NS,Canada,March 2016.[2] Jenn Jiang Hwang, “Sustainable transport strategy for promoting zero-emissionelectric scooters in Taiwan,”Department of Greenergy, National University ofTainan,Taiwan,January 2010.[3] Zhang,Ming-Zhu,“All terrain vehicles teering mechanism design,”National Instituteof Mechanical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University Master Thesis,2001.[4] Shih-Wen Hsiao, Cheng-Wei Fan, “Integrated FSM, STM, and DFA Method on theFaucet Design, ” Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers, Vol 13, No.3, Pages 225-235,1996.[5] Hung-Ling Shih, “Research of Solution-Combining Process for Morphological Chart,”National Cheng Kung University Industrial Design Department Master Thesis,2002.[6] Mao,Zhomg-Yu, “Taking the chair as an example to discuss the application of traitsin product design, ”2004.[7] Kuo-Hsiung Liu,“Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process on the Research ofDiscussion of the Performance Appraisal of Room Attendant in Hotel Industry,”,2005.[8] Tang,Jing-Ping, Liao,Kun-Rong,“Science and Technology Policy and Democratiza-tion: A Political Economic Analysis of Taiwan’s Development of Electric Experience,”Journal of Public Administration, vol. 11, Pages 1-34, June 2004.[9] Rong-Mao Lee, “Design & Development of Motor and Powered Wheelchair TestingSystem, ” National Cheng Kung University Institute of Biomedical EngineeringMaster Thesis,2003.[10] Gao,Yong-Mou, “Cooperation between Production and Research to Create a NewEra of Electric Vehicles in Taiwan, ” Journal Of Monthly Industrial Technology andInformation, vol. 259, May 2013.DOI 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3501 Page 1678ICOI-2018[11] Zhang,Shi-Wen, “The research of design trending of the light-weighted,electricscooter, ”National Taiwan University of Arts Institute of Plastic Arts Master Thesis,2002.DOI 10.18502/kss.v3i10.3501 Page 1679

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