Some features of the distribution of aquatic vascular plants in Asian Russia (limits of distribution and phytogeographical patterns) are discussed. Many northern species penetrate far to the south via watersheds and mountain systems, while southern species go far to the north by the valleys of large rivers. Some species considered circumpolar are represented by 2–3 allopatric species. For some species, the ranges have been expanded in Asian Russia, some other taxa have been combined in one widespread species. The possible centers of the diversity of this group are outlined (Southern Siberia, Amur and Primorie areas, Central Yakutia and Kamchatka).
Keywords: aquatic vascular plants, distribution, limits, patterns, Asian Russi

Bobrov, A A

Chemeris, E V

Mochalova, O A

KnE Life Sciences

English

KnE Publishing Platform

Ecology and Geography of Plants and Plant CommunitiesThe fourth International Scientific Conference onEcology and Geography of Plants and Plant CommunitiesVolume 2018Conference PaperSome Features of the Distribution of AquaticVascular Plants in Asian RussiaA. A. Bobrov1, O. A. Mochalova2, and E. V. Chemeris11Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia2Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy ofSciences, Magadan, RussiaAbstractSome features of the distribution of aquatic vascular plants in Asian Russia (limits ofdistribution and phytogeographical patterns) are discussed. Many northern speciespenetrate far to the south via watersheds and mountain systems, while southernspecies go far to the north by the valleys of large rivers. Some species consideredcircumpolar are represented by 2–3 allopatric species. For some species, the rangeshave been expanded in Asian Russia, some other taxa have been combined in onewidespread species. The possible centers of the diversity of this group are outlined(Southern Siberia, Amur and Primorie areas, Central Yakutia and Kamchatka).Keywords: aquatic vascular plants, distribution, limits, patterns, Asian Russia1. IntroductionWe carried out the revision of aquatic vascular plants in Asian Russia, including Westand East Siberia and the Russian Far East. We studied species composition, solvedsome taxonomic problems and investigated features of distribution, ecological prefer-ences and biological characteristics. The character of the distribution of aquatic vascu-lar plants of Asian Russia has been poorly studied. This article presents some results onthe distribution of aquatic vascular species and preliminary biogeographical patterns.2. MethodsInformation on the distribution of aquatic vascular plants was obtained from differentfloras, manuals and papers concerning the regions of the area and Asian Russia as awhole. The results were checked during the revision of herbarium collections in IBIW,LE, MAG, MHA, MW, NS, NSK, SASY, TK, VLA and some others. During our own fieldstudies in Yakutia, Magadan Region, Kamchatka, Chukotka, Amur Region, KhabarovskHow to cite this article: A. A. Bobrov, O. A. Mochalova, and E. V. Chemeris, (2018), “Some Features of the Distribution of Aquatic Vascular Plantsin Asian Russia” in The fourth International Scientific Conference on Ecology and Geography of Plants and Plant Communities, KnE Life Sciences, pages43–48. DOI 10.18502/kls.v4i7.3218Page 43Corresponding Author:A. A. Bobrovlsd@ibiw.yaroslavl.ruReceived: 12 September 2018Accepted: 15 October 2018Published: 29 October 2018Publishing services provided byKnowledge EA. A. Bobrov et al. This articleis distributed under the terms ofthe Creative CommonsAttribution License, whichpermits unrestricted use andredistribution provided that theoriginal author and source arecredited.Selection and Peer-reviewunder the responsibility of theEcology and Geography ofPlants and Plant CommunitiesConference Committee.Ecology and Geography of Plants and Plant CommunitiesTerritory and Primorskii Territory, previously known information was verified and agreat deal of new data were obtained.3. ResultsAccording to our data, about 245 species and a number of hybrids of aquatic vascularplants occur in Asian Russia [1]. During our study, we obtained substantial new dataabout the distribution of aquatic vascular plants in the area.3.1. Limits of distributionWe have found that the northern limits for many species extend further to the norththan was previously known. Many species in Yakutia penetrate far to the north (overthe Arctic circle) via the valleys of large rivers, such as the Lena, Yana, Indigirka andKolyma. Thus, on the Kolyma River at a site 150–200 km downstream from the townof Srednekolymsk (67∘30’ –69∘30’ N), there are numerous collections of Ceratophyl-lum demersum, Lemna turionifera,Myriophyllum sibiricum,M. verticillatum, Potamogetonberchtoldii, P. compressus, P. gramineus, P. natans, P. perfoliatus, P. praelongus, P. pusillus,P. sibiricus, Ranunculus mongolicus, R. subrigidus, Sparganium angustifolium, S. emersum,S. hyperboreum, Stuckenia subretusa, Utricularia macrorhiza, etc. On the Yana and Indi-girka rivers, some of the listed species were found even further to the north (70∘–71∘N) [2].These localities are situated 2–3∘ further to the north (at least 250–300 km) thanthe northernmost localities of many species known from the northwestern part of theMagadan Region and the Kolyma River basin (64∘–65∘ N) [3] or from Chukotka, theAnadyr River basin, the Chukchi Peninsula etc. (mostly 65∘–67∘ N) [4, 5]. However, thenorthernmost localities for aquatic vascular plants were recorded for the fairly well-studied flora of the Taimyr Peninsula [6], where many species occur northward (71∘–74∘50’ N). The most likely explanation may be that Taimyr extends further to the north(up to 77∘40’ N). The extreme northern mainland point of Yakutia lies at 74∘ N, butaquatic plants are distributed up to 71∘ N. The continental land of Chukotka extendsto 70∘ N, while the known northern boundaries of aquatic species are situated to 67∘N. The distance from the northern limit of the continental edge to the northernmostlocalities where aquatic vascular plants can be found is about 3∘ in latitude.An interesting situation was discovered in Central Yakutia, in the Leno–Aldan inter-fluve. Hydrilla verticillata and Potamogeton maackianus were found there in significantDOI 10.18502/kls.v4i7.3218 Page 44Ecology and Geography of Plants and Plant Communitiesabundance in lakes on the lower Amga River (actually in the Aldan River valley). Bothspecies belong to the thermophilic element of the flora, and their Yakutian localitiesare situated ca. 1000 km to the north of their main geographical range in Asian Russia.Their populations may be rather recent in origin (Holocene) as a result of the long-distance dispersal of germs by migrant waterfowls. The records of H. verticillata and P.maackianus are the northernmost to date (to 62.18∘ N) [7].Together with these species in these lakes in the Aldan River valley, we also foundmainly European Potamogeton rutilus [8]. We confirmed the presence of P. rutilus in 5localities in Central Yakutia and 13 more in other regions of North Asia. These recordsgreatly extend the distribution range of this species to the east, since the previousdistribution rangewas setmainly west of theMiddle Volga. Most likely, the presence ofHydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton maackianus and P. rutilus in the Leno–Aldan interfluveis promoted by the specific carbonate character of landscape, the softer climatic regimeand the more favorable conditions of lakes situated in a river valley.Invasive Elodea canadensis has expanded its range to the north in West Siberia andto the north and east in East Siberia along large river valleys [7, 9]. Thus, the 2 localitiesrecently found in Yakutia are ca. 650 km distant to the northeast and 1370 km tothe east-northeast from the nearest point in Irkutsk Region. This invasive species hasspread out as a result of floods from the Upper Lena populations (Irkutsk Region), thedownstream of the Lena River being a good invasive corridor.3.2. Phytogeographical patternsWithin the latitudinal groups, plurizonal and predominantly boreal species prevail, mak-ing up to three quarters of the list. Among the longitudinal groups, species with widedistribution ranges (Holarctic and Eurasian) also dominate, making up more than halfof the list. Such proportions are consistent with the intrazonal character of aquatic floraas a whole, which has been shown for many regions [10–12].It is necessary to note that many northern species penetrate far to the south viawatersheds and mountain systems (found from the Arctic to mountain ranges on thesouthern borders of Russia), while southern species go far to the north by the valleysof large rivers (often over the Arctic circle). This is also a fairly general biogeographicalpattern [13, 14]. At the same time, however, there are some examples of allopatry, forexample, the Arctic Stuckenia subretusa and the boreal S. vaginata, whose ranges aredistinctly separated [1, 15].DOI 10.18502/kls.v4i7.3218 Page 45Ecology and Geography of Plants and Plant CommunitiesThe longitudinal distribution is more interesting. On the one hand, species consid-ered circumpolar in distribution were found to be represented by 2–3 allopatric species:for example, Isoëtes muricata – I. asiatica – I. echinospora, Myriophyllum spicatum – M.sibiricum, Ranunculus (Batrachium) codyanus – R. subrigidus – R. circinatus, and Utriculariamacrorhiza – U. vulgaris (– U. australis). All of these can be considered examples ofspeciation as a result of geographical isolation. On the other hand, species with rangeswhich have been expanded as a result of finding of new localities in Asian Russia(e.g., Potamogeton lucens, P. rutilus) and the combining of taxa (e.g., Nuphar pumila +N. microphylla, Potamogeton alpinus + P. tenuifolius, Stuckenia filiformis + S. borealis + S.austrosibirica).To date, the western distribution limit for eastern species is West Siberia and theUrals, while the eastern limit for western species is the Upper Lena and the Baikalregion, which is quite consistent with existing views [16]. Specific aquatic flora isrepresented in Amur and Primorie areas, where the proportion of thermophilic EastAsian species is very high.4. ConclusionThe obtained facts confirm the important role of large rivers as ecological corridorsfor the latitudinal and longitudinal distribution of aquatic vascular plants; also, thelong-distance dispersal of germs (seeds, turions, fragments) by migrant waterfowlsis important. The latter factor is poorly studied in the domestic literature, but it playsa great role, especially in Asian Russia, where the main migration routes of birds arefrom south to north and back.In the valleys of large rivers, one finds the concentration of aquatic vascular plants(high number of sites and high species diversity), most probably due to lower climaticcontrasts in the valleys of large rivers and, accordingly, more favorable conditions inthe water bodies located there. Considering the rather severe natural and climatic con-ditions of the region, this is of no small importance and contributes to the growth andmaintenance of these plants. In addition, the influence of permafrost, which stronglyreduces the diversity of aquatic plants in watersheds (only a few species are able tosurvive in thermokarst water bodies) is greatly diminished in the valleys of large riversby ground talik waters.It is also possible to preliminarily outline the centers of diversity of aquatic vascu-lar plants in Asian Russia. One is Southern Siberia, where mainly European taxa andmainly Asian species occur, and this area is enriched with thermophilic and halophilicDOI 10.18502/kls.v4i7.3218 Page 46Ecology and Geography of Plants and Plant Communitiesforms. Amur and Primorie areas are the most prominent, with a high concentrationof thermophilic East Asian species generally found only there. Rather surprisingly,a high diversity was found in Central Yakutia, where aquatic flora is represented bythe slightly depleted Southern Siberian variant. Kamchatka can also be considered acenter of diversity, since one can find a ‘fusion’ of more northern and southern species,species endemic to the volcanic island arc and some North American forms that occuronly there. A local strong increase in diversity was found in the Kolyma River valley[1], the same can be assumed for the valleys of all large rivers in Siberia. There are alsoreasons to expect a specific composition of aquatic plants in Chukotka, in the centerof Beringia, which is one of the most important refugia for many plant groups [16–18].FundingThe study was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(grants no. 15-29-02498-ofi_m, 15-29-02739-ofi_m) and performed in the frameworkof the state assignment (theme no. АААА-А18-118012690095-4).References[1] Bobrov, A. A. and Mochalova, O. A. (2017). Aquatic vascular plants of the KolymaRiver Valley: Diversity, distribution, habitat conditions. Botanicheskii Zhurnal, vol.102, no. 10, pp. 1347–1378.[2] Bobrov, A. A. and Mochalova, O. A. (2014). Notes on aquatic vascular plants ofYakutia on materials of the Yakutian Herbaria. Novitates Systematicae PlantarumVascularium, no. 45, pp. 122–144.[3] Bobrov, A. A. and Mochalova, O. A. (2013). Notes on aquatic vascular plants ofMagadan Region. Botanicheskii Zhurnal, vol. 98, no. 10, pp. 1287–1299.[4] Vekhov, N. V. (1993). Higher plants of water bodies in the lower reaches of theUtavahem and Chegitun Rivers (Chukchi Peninsula). Botanicheskii Zhurnal, vol. 78,no. 7, pp. 45–52.[5] Yurtsev, B. A., Korolyova, T. M., Petrovskii, V. V., et al. (2010). Conspectus of Flora ofthe Chukchi Tundra. St. Petersburg: VVM.[6] Pospelova, E. B. and Pospelov, I. N. (2007). Flora of Vascular Plants of Taimyr andAdjacent Territories. Pt. 1. Annotated List of Flora and Their General Analysis. Moscow:KMK.DOI 10.18502/kls.v4i7.3218 Page 47Ecology and Geography of Plants and Plant Communities[7] Bobrov, A. A., Filippova, V. A., Nikolin, E. V., et al. (2017). New to the flora ofYakutia Elodea canadensis, Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) and Potamogetonmaackianus (Potamogetonaceae). Botanicheskii Zhurnal, vol. 102, no. 2, pp. 222–231.[8] Bobrov, A. A., Chemeris, E. V., Filippova, et al. (2018). European pondweed in EastSiberia: Evidence of Potamogeton rutilus (Potamogetonaceae) in Yakutia (AsianRussia) with evaluation of current distribution and conservation status. Phytotaxa,vol. 333, no. 1, pp. 58–72.[9] Sviridenko, B. F., Sviridenko, T. V., Efremov, et al. (2013). Canadian pondweed Elodeacanadensis (Hydrocharitaceae) in the West Siberian Plain. vol. 3, no. 23, pp. 38–47.[10] Papchenkov, V. G. (2001). Vegetation Cover of Watercourses and Water Bodies ofMiddle Volga. Yaroslavl: International Academy of Business and New Technologies.[11] Durnikin, D. A. (2014). Flora of Water Bodies in the South of Ob-Irtysh Interfluve andIts Genesis. Barnaul: Altai University Press.[12] Chepinoga, V. V. (2015). Flora and Vegetation of Waterbodies of the Baikal Siberia.Irkutsk: IG SB RAS.[13] Yurtsev, B. A. (1968). Flora of Suntar-Hayat. Problems of the History of High-Mountainous Landscapes of North-Eastern Siberia. Leningrad: Nauka.[14] Hultén, E. (1981). Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories. A Manual of the VascularPlants (second edition). Stanford: Stanford University Press.[15] Kashina, L. I. (1998). Flora of Siberia, vol. 1, Lycopodiaceae—Hydrocharitaceae.Novosibirsk: Nauka.[16] Eidesen, P. B., Ehrich, D., Bakkestuen, V., et al. (2013). Genetic roadmap of the Arctic:Plant dispersal highways, traffic barriers and capitals of diversity. New Phytologist,vol. 200, no. 3, pp. 898–910.[17] Yurtsev, B. A. (1974). Problems of Botanical Geography of North-Eastern Asia.Leningrad: Nauka.[18] Donoghue, M. J. and Smith, S. A. (2004). Patterns in the assembly of temperateforests around the northern hemisphere. Philosophical Transactions of the RoyalSociety B: Biological Sciences, vol. 359, no. 1450, pp. 1633–1644.DOI 10.18502/kls.v4i7.3218 Page 48

Some Features of the Distribution of Aquatic Vascular Plants in Asian Russia

Bobrov, A. A. (A)

Mochalova, O. A. (O)

Chemeris, E. V. (E)

Neliti

Some features of the distribution of aquatic vascular plants in Asian Russia (limits of distribution and phytogeographical patterns) are discussed. Many northern species penetrate far to the south via watersheds and mountain systems, while southern species go far to the north by the valleys of large rivers. Some species considered circumpolar are represented by 2–3 allopatric species. For some species, the ranges have been expanded in Asian Russia, some other taxa have been combined in one widespread species. The possible centers of the diversity of this group are outlined (Southern Siberia, Amur and Primorie areas, Central Yakutia and Kamchatka).The study was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants no. 15-29-02498-ofi_m, 15-29-02739-ofi_m) and performed in the framework of the state assignment (theme no. АААА-А18-118012690095-4

Bobrov, A. A.

Mochalova, O. A.

Chemeris, E. V.

Institutional repository of Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin

Ecology and Geography of Plants and Plant CommunitiesThe fourth International Scientiﬁc Conference onEcology and Geography of Plants and Plant CommunitiesVolume 2018Conference PaperSome Features of the Distribution of AquaticVascular Plants in Asian RussiaA. A. Bobrov1, O. A. Mochalova2, and E. V. Chemeris11Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia2Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy ofSciences, Magadan, RussiaAbstractSome features of the distribution of aquatic vascular plants in Asian Russia (limits ofdistribution and phytogeographical patterns) are discussed. Many northern speciespenetrate far to the south via watersheds and mountain systems, while southernspecies go far to the north by the valleys of large rivers. Some species consideredcircumpolar are represented by 2–3 allopatric species. For some species, the rangeshave been expanded in Asian Russia, some other taxa have been combined in onewidespread species. The possible centers of the diversity of this group are outlined(Southern Siberia, Amur and Primorie areas, Central Yakutia and Kamchatka).Keywords: aquatic vascular plants, distribution, limits, patterns, Asian Russia1. IntroductionWe carried out the revision of aquatic vascular plants in Asian Russia, including Westand East Siberia and the Russian Far East. We studied species composition, solvedsome taxonomic problems and investigated features of distribution, ecological prefer-ences and biological characteristics. The character of the distribution of aquatic vascu-lar plants of Asian Russia has been poorly studied. This article presents some results onthe distribution of aquatic vascular species and preliminary biogeographical patterns.2. MethodsInformation on the distribution of aquatic vascular plants was obtained from differentﬂoras, manuals and papers concerning the regions of the area and Asian Russia as awhole. The results were checked during the revision of herbarium collections in IBIW,LE, MAG, MHA, MW, NS, NSK, SASY, TK, VLA and some others. During our own ﬁeldstudies in Yakutia, Magadan Region, Kamchatka, Chukotka, Amur Region, KhabarovskHow to cite this article: A. A. Bobrov, O. A. Mochalova, and E. V. Chemeris, (2018), “Some Features of the Distribution of Aquatic Vascular Plantsin Asian Russia” in The fourth International Scientific Conference on Ecology and Geography of Plants and Plant Communities, KnE Life Sciences, pages43–48. DOI 10.18502/kls.v4i7.3218Page 43Corresponding Author:A. A. Bobrovlsd@ibiw.yaroslavl.ruReceived: 12 September 2018Accepted: 15 October 2018Published: 29 October 2018Publishing services provided byKnowledge EA. A. Bobrov et al. This articleis distributed under the terms ofthe Creative CommonsAttribution License, whichpermits unrestricted use andredistribution provided that theoriginal author and source arecredited.Selection and Peer-reviewunder the responsibility of theEcology and Geography ofPlants and Plant CommunitiesConference Committee.Ecology and Geography of Plants and Plant CommunitiesTerritory and Primorskii Territory, previously known information was veriﬁed and agreat deal of new data were obtained.3. ResultsAccording to our data, about 245 species and a number of hybrids of aquatic vascularplants occur in Asian Russia [1]. During our study, we obtained substantial new dataabout the distribution of aquatic vascular plants in the area.3.1. Limits of distributionWe have found that the northern limits for many species extend further to the norththan was previously known. Many species in Yakutia penetrate far to the north (overthe Arctic circle) via the valleys of large rivers, such as the Lena, Yana, Indigirka andKolyma. Thus, on the Kolyma River at a site 150–200 km downstream from the townof Srednekolymsk (67∘30’ –69∘30’ N), there are numerous collections of Ceratophyl-lum demersum, Lemna turionifera,Myriophyllum sibiricum,M. verticillatum, Potamogetonberchtoldii, P. compressus, P. gramineus, P. natans, P. perfoliatus, P. praelongus, P. pusillus,P. sibiricus, Ranunculus mongolicus, R. subrigidus, Sparganium angustifolium, S. emersum,S. hyperboreum, Stuckenia subretusa, Utricularia macrorhiza, etc. On the Yana and Indi-girka rivers, some of the listed species were found even further to the north (70∘–71∘N) [2].These localities are situated 2–3∘ further to the north (at least 250–300 km) thanthe northernmost localities of many species known from the northwestern part of theMagadan Region and the Kolyma River basin (64∘–65∘ N) [3] or from Chukotka, theAnadyr River basin, the Chukchi Peninsula etc. (mostly 65∘–67∘ N) [4, 5]. However, thenorthernmost localities for aquatic vascular plants were recorded for the fairly well-studied ﬂora of the Taimyr Peninsula [6], where many species occur northward (71∘–74∘50’ N). The most likely explanation may be that Taimyr extends further to the north(up to 77∘40’ N). The extreme northern mainland point of Yakutia lies at 74∘ N, butaquatic plants are distributed up to 71∘ N. The continental land of Chukotka extendsto 70∘ N, while the known northern boundaries of aquatic species are situated to 67∘N. The distance from the northern limit of the continental edge to the northernmostlocalities where aquatic vascular plants can be found is about 3∘ in latitude.An interesting situation was discovered in Central Yakutia, in the Leno–Aldan inter-ﬂuve. Hydrilla verticillata and Potamogeton maackianus were found there in signiﬁcantDOI 10.18502/kls.v4i7.3218 Page 44Ecology and Geography of Plants and Plant Communitiesabundance in lakes on the lower Amga River (actually in the Aldan River valley). Bothspecies belong to the thermophilic element of the ﬂora, and their Yakutian localitiesare situated ca. 1000 km to the north of their main geographical range in Asian Russia.Their populations may be rather recent in origin (Holocene) as a result of the long-distance dispersal of germs by migrant waterfowls. The records of H. verticillata and P.maackianus are the northernmost to date (to 62.18∘ N) [7].Together with these species in these lakes in the Aldan River valley, we also foundmainly European Potamogeton rutilus [8]. We conﬁrmed the presence of P. rutilus in 5localities in Central Yakutia and 13 more in other regions of North Asia. These recordsgreatly extend the distribution range of this species to the east, since the previousdistribution rangewas setmainly west of theMiddle Volga. Most likely, the presence ofHydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton maackianus and P. rutilus in the Leno–Aldan interﬂuveis promoted by the speciﬁc carbonate character of landscape, the softer climatic regimeand the more favorable conditions of lakes situated in a river valley.Invasive Elodea canadensis has expanded its range to the north in West Siberia andto the north and east in East Siberia along large river valleys [7, 9]. Thus, the 2 localitiesrecently found in Yakutia are ca. 650 km distant to the northeast and 1370 km tothe east-northeast from the nearest point in Irkutsk Region. This invasive species hasspread out as a result of ﬂoods from the Upper Lena populations (Irkutsk Region), thedownstream of the Lena River being a good invasive corridor.3.2. Phytogeographical patternsWithin the latitudinal groups, plurizonal and predominantly boreal species prevail, mak-ing up to three quarters of the list. Among the longitudinal groups, species with widedistribution ranges (Holarctic and Eurasian) also dominate, making up more than halfof the list. Such proportions are consistent with the intrazonal character of aquatic ﬂoraas a whole, which has been shown for many regions [10–12].It is necessary to note that many northern species penetrate far to the south viawatersheds and mountain systems (found from the Arctic to mountain ranges on thesouthern borders of Russia), while southern species go far to the north by the valleysof large rivers (often over the Arctic circle). This is also a fairly general biogeographicalpattern [13, 14]. At the same time, however, there are some examples of allopatry, forexample, the Arctic Stuckenia subretusa and the boreal S. vaginata, whose ranges aredistinctly separated [1, 15].DOI 10.18502/kls.v4i7.3218 Page 45Ecology and Geography of Plants and Plant CommunitiesThe longitudinal distribution is more interesting. On the one hand, species consid-ered circumpolar in distribution were found to be represented by 2–3 allopatric species:for example, Isoëtes muricata – I. asiatica – I. echinospora, Myriophyllum spicatum – M.sibiricum, Ranunculus (Batrachium) codyanus – R. subrigidus – R. circinatus, and Utriculariamacrorhiza – U. vulgaris (– U. australis). All of these can be considered examples ofspeciation as a result of geographical isolation. On the other hand, species with rangeswhich have been expanded as a result of ﬁnding of new localities in Asian Russia(e.g., Potamogeton lucens, P. rutilus) and the combining of taxa (e.g., Nuphar pumila +N. microphylla, Potamogeton alpinus + P. tenuifolius, Stuckenia filiformis + S. borealis + S.austrosibirica).To date, the western distribution limit for eastern species is West Siberia and theUrals, while the eastern limit for western species is the Upper Lena and the Baikalregion, which is quite consistent with existing views [16]. Speciﬁc aquatic ﬂora isrepresented in Amur and Primorie areas, where the proportion of thermophilic EastAsian species is very high.4. ConclusionThe obtained facts conﬁrm the important role of large rivers as ecological corridorsfor the latitudinal and longitudinal distribution of aquatic vascular plants; also, thelong-distance dispersal of germs (seeds, turions, fragments) by migrant waterfowlsis important. The latter factor is poorly studied in the domestic literature, but it playsa great role, especially in Asian Russia, where the main migration routes of birds arefrom south to north and back.In the valleys of large rivers, one ﬁnds the concentration of aquatic vascular plants(high number of sites and high species diversity), most probably due to lower climaticcontrasts in the valleys of large rivers and, accordingly, more favorable conditions inthe water bodies located there. Considering the rather severe natural and climatic con-ditions of the region, this is of no small importance and contributes to the growth andmaintenance of these plants. In addition, the inﬂuence of permafrost, which stronglyreduces the diversity of aquatic plants in watersheds (only a few species are able tosurvive in thermokarst water bodies) is greatly diminished in the valleys of large riversby ground talik waters.It is also possible to preliminarily outline the centers of diversity of aquatic vascu-lar plants in Asian Russia. One is Southern Siberia, where mainly European taxa andmainly Asian species occur, and this area is enriched with thermophilic and halophilicDOI 10.18502/kls.v4i7.3218 Page 46Ecology and Geography of Plants and Plant Communitiesforms. Amur and Primorie areas are the most prominent, with a high concentrationof thermophilic East Asian species generally found only there. Rather surprisingly,a high diversity was found in Central Yakutia, where aquatic ﬂora is represented bythe slightly depleted Southern Siberian variant. Kamchatka can also be considered acenter of diversity, since one can ﬁnd a ‘fusion’ of more northern and southern species,species endemic to the volcanic island arc and some North American forms that occuronly there. A local strong increase in diversity was found in the Kolyma River valley[1], the same can be assumed for the valleys of all large rivers in Siberia. There are alsoreasons to expect a speciﬁc composition of aquatic plants in Chukotka, in the centerof Beringia, which is one of the most important refugia for many plant groups [16–18].FundingThe study was ﬁnancially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(grants no. 15-29-02498-oﬁ_m, 15-29-02739-oﬁ_m) and performed in the frameworkof the state assignment (theme no. АААА-А18-118012690095-4).References[1] Bobrov, A. A. and Mochalova, O. A. (2017). Aquatic vascular plants of the KolymaRiver Valley: Diversity, distribution, habitat conditions. Botanicheskii Zhurnal, vol.102, no. 10, pp. 1347–1378.[2] Bobrov, A. A. and Mochalova, O. A. (2014). Notes on aquatic vascular plants ofYakutia on materials of the Yakutian Herbaria. Novitates Systematicae PlantarumVascularium, no. 45, pp. 122–144.[3] Bobrov, A. A. and Mochalova, O. A. (2013). Notes on aquatic vascular plants ofMagadan Region. Botanicheskii Zhurnal, vol. 98, no. 10, pp. 1287–1299.[4] Vekhov, N. V. (1993). Higher plants of water bodies in the lower reaches of theUtavahem and Chegitun Rivers (Chukchi Peninsula). Botanicheskii Zhurnal, vol. 78,no. 7, pp. 45–52.[5] Yurtsev, B. A., Korolyova, T. M., Petrovskii, V. V., et al. (2010). Conspectus of Flora ofthe Chukchi Tundra. St. Petersburg: VVM.[6] Pospelova, E. B. and Pospelov, I. N. (2007). Flora of Vascular Plants of Taimyr andAdjacent Territories. Pt. 1. Annotated List of Flora and Their General Analysis. Moscow:KMK.DOI 10.18502/kls.v4i7.3218 Page 47Ecology and Geography of Plants and Plant Communities[7] Bobrov, A. A., Filippova, V. A., Nikolin, E. V., et al. (2017). New to the ﬂora ofYakutia Elodea canadensis, Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) and Potamogetonmaackianus (Potamogetonaceae). Botanicheskii Zhurnal, vol. 102, no. 2, pp. 222–231.[8] Bobrov, A. A., Chemeris, E. V., Filippova, et al. (2018). European pondweed in EastSiberia: Evidence of Potamogeton rutilus (Potamogetonaceae) in Yakutia (AsianRussia) with evaluation of current distribution and conservation status. Phytotaxa,vol. 333, no. 1, pp. 58–72.[9] Sviridenko, B. F., Sviridenko, T. V., Efremov, et al. (2013). Canadian pondweed Elodeacanadensis (Hydrocharitaceae) in the West Siberian Plain. vol. 3, no. 23, pp. 38–47.[10] Papchenkov, V. G. (2001). Vegetation Cover of Watercourses and Water Bodies ofMiddle Volga. Yaroslavl: International Academy of Business and New Technologies.[11] Durnikin, D. A. (2014). Flora of Water Bodies in the South of Ob-Irtysh Interfluve andIts Genesis. Barnaul: Altai University Press.[12] Chepinoga, V. V. (2015). Flora and Vegetation of Waterbodies of the Baikal Siberia.Irkutsk: IG SB RAS.[13] Yurtsev, B. A. (1968). Flora of Suntar-Hayat. Problems of the History of High-Mountainous Landscapes of North-Eastern Siberia. Leningrad: Nauka.[14] Hultén, E. (1981). Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories. A Manual of the VascularPlants (second edition). Stanford: Stanford University Press.[15] Kashina, L. I. (1998). Flora of Siberia, vol. 1, Lycopodiaceae—Hydrocharitaceae.Novosibirsk: Nauka.[16] Eidesen, P. B., Ehrich, D., Bakkestuen, V., et al. (2013). Genetic roadmap of the Arctic:Plant dispersal highways, trafﬁc barriers and capitals of diversity. New Phytologist,vol. 200, no. 3, pp. 898–910.[17] Yurtsev, B. A. (1974). Problems of Botanical Geography of North-Eastern Asia.Leningrad: Nauka.[18] Donoghue, M. J. and Smith, S. A. (2004). Patterns in the assembly of temperateforests around the northern hemisphere. 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Some Features of the Distribution of Aquatic Vascular Plants in Asian Russia

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