In this chapter, two of the major challenges in the application of ground‐penetrating radar in humanitarian demining operations are addressed: (i) development and testing of affordable and practical ground penetrating radar (GPR)‐based systems, which can be used off‐ground and (ii) development of robust signal processing techniques for landmines detection and identification. Different approaches developed at the Royal Military Academy in order to demonstrate the possibility of enhancing close‐range landmine detection and identification using ground‐penetrating radar under laboratory and outdoor conditions are summarized here. Data acquired using different affordable and practical GPR‐based systems are used to validate a number of promising developments in signal processing techniques for target detection and identification. The proposed approaches have been validated with success in laboratory and outdoor conditions and for different scenarios, including antipersonnel, low‐metal content landmines, improvised explosive devices and real mine‐affected soils
