Larson, A.M.

Monterroso, L.

CGSpace

Anne M. Larson,  EGT Team Leader, CIFOR-ICRAFIliana Monterroso, Scientist, Co-coordinator of gender and social inclusion research, CIFOR-ICRAFIFAD-CGIAR Partnership Webinar Series #39 March 2021Securing Tenure Rights for Forest-Dependent Communities: A global comparative study of design and implementation of tenure reformWhat is a “forest tenure reform”?• A change in the set of rights and responsibilities to use, manage or control forest or forest land• For which right holder: (our specific interest) Communities, indigenous people, smallholders Forest Tenure ReformsSource: RRI, 2018:18Most forest lands are owned and administered by the state• Latin America - 48%• Africa 92% • Asia 65%Forest tenure reforms: Global change in forest land tenure2650.149.8333.2369.92405.696.3415.2 379.40.0500.01000.01500.02000.02500.03000.0Administered byGovernmentDesignated for IPs and otherCommunitiesOwned by IPs and otherCommunitiesOwned by Individuals andFirmsMillion hectares20022013Increase of at least128.5 MhaBetween 2002 and 2013In lands Designated and Owned by IPs and Other CommunitiesSource: Rights and Resources Initiative, 2016Forest tenure reforms: Regional differencesDevolution of forest rights across developing regionsSource: Based on Lawry and McLain, 2012:56. Devolution of Forest Rights and Sustainable Forest Management.  Volume 1.Research countriesResearch questions▪ Establish how forest tenure reforms emerge: opportunities, and options for formal approaches to securing customary rights.▪ Identify factors that enable or constrain reform implementation.▪ Identify impacts of tenure reform on rights, livelihoods and security of women, poor men and ethnic minorities to forests and trees.▪ How reform implementation can be strengthened/improved.• Prospective participatory Analysis• Focus Group Discussions; • Key informant interviews; • Intrahousehold surveys• Key informant interviews; • Survey to Agent’s of Implementation• Legal and Institutional Analysis;• Historical AnalysisReform ImplementationGrantingOutcomesMobilization&ConflictA framework to analyze tenure reform processes (1) MethodsLEGAL REFORM • Historical Analysis: Social actors (Supporting / Opposing)• Legal Analysis: Regulatory FrameworkREFORM IMPLEMENTATION•Analysis of  government institutions in charge of reform implementation (Surveys and Interviews)•Institutional framework•Procedures and requirements (Legal Steps)GRANTING• # of titles, # hectares formalized, permits, authorizations, contracts completed and registered• Scenarios of tenure security at the regional level• South-South ExchangesIMPACT/OUTCOMES• Analysis at the village/Household level•Land/Forest tenure conditions•Tenure security•External threats•Forest conditionsREFORM PROCESSA framework to analyze tenure reform processes(2) IssuesConsultative & partnering—diverse actors with multiple roles and interestsThree interactive pillars:• Research: comparative; diagnostic; good practice principles; indicators for monitoring tenure security; tools/strategies for integrating multiple interests• Multistakeholder engagement: joint problem solving; scenarios development; experience sharing• Knowledge sharing and capacity enhancement: workshops; needs assessments; tools (e.g. conflict resolution; gender integration); tenure literacy ApproachProject Partners and FundersIndonesia• University of Pattimura• University of Lampung• Ministry of ForestryUganda• Makerere University • Association of Uganda Professional Women in Agriculture and Environment AUPWAE• Forestry Sector Support Department, Ministry of Environment and WaterPeru• Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina• Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Cadastre Office; National Forest ServiceInnovation 1The Participatory Prospective Analysis (PPA) processes: Co-ellaboration of Tenure Security Scenarios through staekholder engagementOUR APPROACH TO STUDY TENURE SECURITY: PROSPECTIVE PARTICIPATORY ANALYSIS (PPA)IDENTIFYING FORCES • Id Forces influencing the system• Defining and measuring forcesIDENTIFYING POSSIBLE FUTURES• States of driving forces• Identifying possible scenariosDEFINING AN ACTION PLAN• StrategyFORCES DRIVING (IN)SECURITY IN COLLECTIVE LANDSPOSSIBLE FUTURESACTION PLANTenure security is the assurance of conditions that allow communities to live in their land and benefit from it in the long term.PeruDIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS OF WHAT IS TENURE SECURITY: (Examples from Peru and Colombia)Tenure security is the condition that provides legal security and allows for land use and management, through the recognitionof autonomy, sustainable natural resource use, organizational strengthening andcultural recognition.Montes de Maria, Colombia3. Scenarios addressing the relationship between the community and the governmentPOSSIBLE FUTURES AND CONTRASTING SCENARIOS  OF TENURE SECURITY (PERU)“ideal” “bad” “when NGOs replace the government” “half way” “paternalist government” “the community disappears”1. Scenarios addressing the state of the forests2. Scenarios addressing the state of the communityAction Plans: UgandaInnovation 2Approaches to address implementation gaps from the perspective of government agentsStage Number of steps (Law)Number of government agencies involved (Law)Number of steps (Practice)Number of government agencies involved (Practice)Legal recognition 8 4 11 7Demarcation and Titlinng11 7 +22 +12Usufruct contract 1 2 5 5TOTAL 20 +7 38 +12Source:  Notess et al., 2018; Monterroso y Larson, 20183. Institutions and procedures for implementation, mechanisms for coordinatingWHY INTERSECTORIAL COORDINATION/COMMUNICATION IS IMPORTANT?• Ensures meeting outcomes (36%), • Allows meeting goals (22%), • Is part of the institutional mandate (19%).Source:  Notess et al., 2018; Monterroso y Larson, 20180.010.020.030.040.050.060.0si no no sabeIs there a formal agreement to coordinate with other governmentinstitutions involved in imnplemenntation of reform process? yes no Doesn’t knowFrom design to implementation: From the perspective of governmentagentsSource: Myers et al., under reviewRating of effectiveness of coordination among implementing agencies (N=126)Efficacy of reform implementation (N=143) Innovation 3 South-South Exchanges• Purpose: Sharing experience, lessons learned and synergies across study countries • Three events: World Forestry Congress (2016); World Bank Land Poverty Conference (2017); Field Visit and Sub-national International Conference in Madre de dios, Peru (2018)• Outcomes: Multi-stakeholder policy dialogues; training events; cross-country exchange field-visits; review of theory of change, involvement of multi-stakeholder project advisory committeesIFAD ENGAGEMENT IN GCS-TENURE PROJECT: Challenges and opportunities• IFAD Project Management: Program offices involved Land Tenure vs. Forest/EnvironmentOpportunities to cross learning across IFAD topic desks• IFAD Country context: Example: IFAD country work in Peru focused outside the lowlands-Amazon vs. GCS Tenure project geographic and theme focusDifferent situation in Uganda and IndonesiaFocus of country projects limit the opportunities of engagement, establishment of synergies and cross-learning.• IFAD Mission field visit in Indonesia•Lessons learned•Engagement with country projects at the inception level is important but not enough if the process is not linked around the project design​ (including topics•More opportunities for cross learning and engagement along the implementation of the projecthttps://www2.cifor.org/gcs-tenure/Thank youforeststreesagroforestry.org | globallandscapesforum.org | resilient-landscapes.orgcifor.org | worldagroforestry.orgThe Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and World Agroforestry (ICRAF) envision a more equitable world where trees in all landscapes, from drylands to the humid tropics, enhance the environment and well-being for all. CIFOR and ICRAF are CGIAR Research Centers.

Securing Tenure Rights for Forest-Dependent Communities: A global comparative study of design and implementation of tenure reform

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Securing Tenure Rights for Forest-Dependent Communities: A global comparative study of design and implementation of tenure reform

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