Radiation treatment planning plays an important role in modern radiation therapy; it could simulate to plan the geometric, radiobiological, and dosimetric aspects of the therapy using radiation transport simulations and optimization. In this chapter, we have reviewed several quantitative methods used for evaluating radiation treatment plans and discussed some important considering points. For the purpose of quantitative plan evaluation, we reviewed dosimetrical indexes like PITV, CI, TCI, HI, MHI, CN, COSI, and QF. Furthermore, radiobiological indexes like Niemierko’s EUD-based TCP and NTCP were included for the purpose of radiobiological outcome modeling. Additionally, we have reviewed dose tolerance for critical organs including RTOG clinical trial results, QUENTEC data, Emami data, and Milano clinical trial results. For the purpose of clinical evaluation of radiation-induced organ toxicity, we have reviewed RTOG and EORTC toxicity criteria. Several programs could help for the easy calculation and analysis of dosimetrical plan indexes and biological results. We have reviewed the recent trend in this field and proposed further clinical use of such programs. Along this line, we have proposed clinically optimized plan comparison protocols and indicated further directions of such studies
