Protective strategies among patients with cardiovascular
diseases against dust phenomenon exposure in Ahvaz city based
on the protection motivation theory
Background: Dust particles are one of the most important environmental problems that are threatening
many countries, and patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a vulnerable group in this respect.
The present study was conducted to examine the protective strategies among patients with CVDs against
exposure to dust phenomenon based on the protection motivation theory (PMT).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 183 patients with CVDs who referred to health
care centers in Ahvaz city, Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran. Participants were selected from patients
with CVDs recruited for routine national Package of Essential Non-communicable Disease (IRA-PEN)
through random cluster sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based
on the PMT. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests such as Pearson correlation
coefficient and multiple linear regressions by SPSS version 22.
Results: The mean scores of the constructs of perceived response efficacy (4.06 ± 20.06) and sensitivity
(19.89 ± 4.30) were higher than those of other constructs. Correlation coefficient test showed a significant
positive correlation between risk behaviors of exposure to dust phenomenon and self-efficacy, response
efficacy and protection motivation, but negatively correlated with cost response. Also, self-efficacy
variable, type of health insurance, and protection motivation were the predictive indicators of behavior.
Conclusion: The constructs of the PMT explained the risk reduction behaviors of exposure to dust
phenomenon in patients with CVDs. Therefore, this theory can be used as a framework for designing
educational programs to increase the motivation of patients with CVDs to adopt risk reduction behaviors
for exposure to dust.
Keywords: Dust, Risk reduction behavior, Motivation, Self-efficacy, Ira