18 p.In the recent decades it has been found the occurrence of a large number of hitherto unknown or undervalued pathogens, and they present a risk to health and human welfare. Almost all incidents caused by emerging pathogens have been attached to zoonotic agents, which expanded its host range and are capable of breaching the species barrier (Zeier et al., 2005). Besides the known diseases, new ones emerge or reemerge due to a variety of socioeconomic, health and environmental questions. This increase in communicable diseases has serious implications for public health and animal health (Chomel, 1998; Daszak et al., 2000, Cleaveland et al., 2001, Simpson, 2002; Daszak & Cunningham, 2003; Zeier et al., 2005; Cunningham, 2005; Blancou et al., 2005, Gibbs, 2005; Gortázar et al., 2007). Emerging zoonoses are also a public health problem, the biggest threat to animal welfare, environmental quality and conservation of biodiversity (Daszak et al., 2000; Cunningham, 2005, Briones et al., 2002). The expected increase contact between humans and wildlife, caused by anthropogenic interference in the ecosystem, increase the emergence of pathogens originating in wildlife cycles, which can cross-infect man and animals (Bengis et al., 2004). Thus, wildlife is a constant source of "zoonotic pool" that plays a fundamental role in human exposure to infectious agents against novel animal (Morse, 1995). In the recent past, the diseases of wild animals have been important only when they threatened livestock or human health (Daszak et al., 2000), but outbreaks in endangered species have led to them having more significant consideration. Currently, these diseases are booming, especially in the space where interaction occurs between wildlife and farm animals, including an increase in contact between them and the man (Simpson, 2002; Gortázar et al., 2007). Arthropod-borne diseases represent the most common zoonosis in relation to wildlife in the northern hemisphere, especially the Old World (Lindgren et al., 2000), so infectious agents are diverse and constantly growing, so their relationship would be endless (Bueno et al., 2009). Wild animals and arthropod vectors play also important roles in the exposure of humans and domestic animals to animal-borne pathogens (Morse, 1995)
