Foredrag holdt ved konferansen "Arctic Frontiers", Tromsø, 21.-24.1.201

Hoff, Bjarte

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Munin - Open Research Archive

Charging technology for small maritime vesselsBjarte HoffAssociate professorDepartment of Electrical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering Science and TechnologyUiT The Arctic University of NorwayArctic Frontiers 2019Outline• Charging requirements• How small maritime vessels are charged today• Comparison to electrical cars• International standards for shore connection• Wireless chargingCharging requirementsVesselBattery capacityCharging powerCharging solutionElfrida(Hybrid)180 kWh ?400 VKaroline(Hybrid) 195 kWh 44 kW 63 A plug400 VGMV Zero350 kWh 2 x 87 kW 2 x 125 A plug400 VMF Folgefonn(Hybrid)1000 kWh 1 MW Inductive+ NG3 plugMF Ampere1040 kWh 1.2 MW ST.PantografCavotec plugMF Future of the Fjords1800 kWh 2.1 MW Cavotec plugColor Hybrid 5000 kWh 7 MW NG3 plugPhoto: Karoline, Maritimt MagasinPhoto: GMV Zero, Grovfjord Mekaniske VerkstedCharging solution for small vesselsSea trial movieCharging modes for electric vehicles• Today’s small vessels equals Mode 1   ->   Room for development?• Mode 2 should be a minimumCharging standards for electric vehiclesSAE J1772 IEC Type 2• AC charging• 44 kW• 63 A, 400 VCHAdeMO• DC fast charging• 400 kW (version 2)• 350-400 A, 1 kVCCS• DC fast charging• 350 kW (version 2)• 500 A, 1 kVPhoto: Paul SladenA. Ahmad, M. S. Alam and R. Chabaan, "A Comprehensive Review of Wireless Charging Technologies for Electric Vehicles," in IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 38-63, March 2018.Example of charging using CHAdeMORAICHO-I• Built by Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology• Charged to 80% within 30 minutes using CHAdeMO• Contains a 18 kWh battery and a 25 kW motorT. Takamasa, T. Oode, H. Kifune, E. Shimizu and T. Hazuku, "Quick charging plug-in electric boat “RAICHO-I”," 2011 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium, Alexandria, VA, 2011, pp. 9-11.Shore connection standardsNEK IEC/ISO/IEEE 80005-1:2018 - High voltage• For supply over 1 MVA with a voltage of 6,6 kV or 111 kV ACNEK IEC PAS 80005-3:2014 - Low voltage• For supply up to 1 MVA with 400 V AC three-phase. The system uses a 350 A plug, where several plugs are paralleled for higher current levels.NEK IEC/IEEE 8005-2:2016 - Communication• Ethernet based onMODBUS TCP and optical fiber.Inductive (wireless charging)• Already demonstrated at 1 MW for ferries• What about simplified solutions for lower power levels?Shore powerGrid or batteryOn-board sideBattery or DC-busInductive couplingG. Guidi, J. A. Suul, F. Jenset and I. Sorfonn, "Wireless Charging for Ships: High-Power Inductive Charging for Battery Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Vessels," in IEEE Electrification Magazine, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 22-32, Sept. 2017.Wireless charging for electric vehicles• 3,6 kW• 97 % efficiency• Multiple coils increases tolerance in positioningSource: Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device TechnologyWireless charging for electric vehiclesWireless charging by BMW:• 3.2 kWPlugless (third party):• 7.2 kWWireless fast charging for electric vehiclesOak Ridge National Laboratory• 120 kW fast charging• 97% efficiencySource: Mark Anderson, «Oak Ridge Inches Closer to 15-Minute Wireless EV Charging,” IEEE spectrum, 2018.Wireless chargers for electric bussesBombardier Primove charging 200• 200 kW• 280 A• 530 – 750 V DCPossible charging solutions and improvements?• Conductive (cable) or inductive (wireless)?• On-board charger in the boat or on-shore?– Will a fast charging station survive the salty water?– Fast and slow charging options like EV’s?• Grid monitoring and fault detection• Charge with DC instead of AC?• Galvanic isolation?• Replace the big and heavy 50 Hz transformer with more modern compact solutions?– High frequency transformers– Solid state transformers– Integrate with the charger as an converter with galvanic isolation?DCDCDC-busShore connectionBatterypackDCACDCACDCACM M MMain engine1Main engine2BowthrusterACDCACDCAC main switch boardOn-going project about charging technology for electric boats and aircrafts• One year project financed by ARC – Arctic Center for Sustainable Energy• Main goal: Identify future research topics• Visit the project website for more information (in Norwegian):https://site.uit.no/ladeteknologi/Master theses at UiT in NarvikApplication of electric vehicle charging solutions on small maritime vesselsWireless charging for small electric vesselsThank you for your attention

Charging technology for small maritime vessels

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Charging technology for small maritime vessels

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