Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum from Asteraceae family was collected from ereğli region (Zonguldak province, nW Turkey) in 2016 and is reported here for Turkey for the first time. It is naturalized alien plant for Turkey. The description and photos of collected plants, as well as distribution map and new key for the genus Symphyotrichum in flora of Turkey are provided here

Tunçkol, Bilge

Bartin University Institutional Repository

ISSN 2226-3063 e-ISSN 2227-9555Modern Phytomorphology 11: 105–109, 2017doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1041920© The Author(s) 2017. Published by Novikoff A.V., State Natural History Museum NAS of Ukraine on behalf of Modern Phytomorphology. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) freely available on https://phytomorphology.org/ .IntroductionThe genus Symphyotrichum that belongs to Asteraceae family is mostly composed of perennial and herbaceous plants. There are about 100 species belonging to this genus in the world, most of which are distributed in the North, Central and South Americas. Some Symphyotrichum species occur in Europe as invasive plants (Tutin et al. 1976; Kubitzki 2007; Mohlenbrock 2015). In Turkey, there are known two species of Symphyotrichum – S. laeve (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve and S. squamatum (Spreng.) G.L. Nesom (Davis 1965–1985).Material and methodsDuring the floristic investigations in and around Ereğli district of Zonguldak province in Turkey, plant samples belonging to Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum (Willd.) G.L.  Nesom were collected in August – September 2016. Herbarium specimens of S. pilosum var. CorrespondenCeA new record for alien flora of Turkey: Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L. Nesom var. pilosumBilge Tunçkol 1*, Necmi Aksoy 2, Hasan Yaşayacak 31 Bartın University, Bartın Vocational school, department of Forestry and Forest products program, 74100 Bartın, Turkey; * btunckol@bartin.edu.tr2 düzce University, Faculty of Forestry & dUoF Herbaria Konuralp, 81620 düzce, Turkey3 Küre Mountains national park, Bartın Governor’s office, ring road Av. 1, 74100 Bartın, TurkeyReceived: 28.06.2017 | Accepted: 31.10.2017 | Published: 04.11.2017AbstractSymphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum from Asteraceae family was collected from ereğli region (Zonguldak province, nW Turkey) in 2016 and is reported here for Turkey for the first time. It is naturalized alien plant for Turkey. The description and photos of collected plants, as well as distribution map and new key for the genus Symphyotrichum in flora of Turkey are provided here.Keywords: Symphyotrichum pilosum, Asteraceae, new record, alien plant, Turkey106  Tunçkol B. et al.Modern Phytomorphology 11, 2017pilosum, as well as specimens of S. laeve and S. squamatum (E00531253!, E00531250!, E00249092! and E00563223!) were used for comparative investigation and then they were deposited in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Forestry at the University of Düzce (DUOF).The collected samples were checked according to the “Flora of Turkey” and its supplements as well as according to “A checklist of the Flora of Turkey (Vascular plants)” but they were not determined (Davis 1965–1985; Güner et al. 2000, 2012). After it was recognized that the collected samples belong to the Symphyotrichum genus, with the detailed review of literature it was determined that this is a new taxon for flora of Turkey S. pilosum var. pilosum originated from North America (Mohlenbrock 2015).Morphological descriptions of the species in this paper are based on literature (Tutin et al. 1976; Davis 1988; Kubitzki 2007; Mohlenbrock 2015) and supplemented with observations of the collected plants. The nomenclature has been checked with Euro+Med Plant Base (Greuter 2006–2017). Distribution of the studied taxon within the territory of Turkey was mapped in a Davis grid system accepted in “Flora of Turkey”. Data on the abundance of species, condition of the populations and characteristics of S. pilosum var. pilosum habitats in Turkey are provided on the base of field observations.Results and discussionThe new taxon of Symphyotrichum is recorded for Turkey and considering that fact, it is necessary to present a new key for identification.1. Annual or biennial plants  ....... S. squamatum1*. Perennial plants  ..............................................  22. Lots of cauline leaves more than 1 cm wide, leaves glaucous above  ............................... S. laeve2*. Lots of cauline leaves not more than 1 cm wide, stem and leaves pubescent  ......  S. pilosum var. pilosumSymphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L. Nesom var. pilosum, Phytologia 77: 289. 1995. (Fig. 1).Basionym: Aster pilosus Willd.Description: Hemicryptophyte, characterized by rapid growth and formation of a strong taproot. Stem from 1 to several, erect or oblique; branches near to base, sparsely to densely hirsute; 100–180 cm tall. Leaves with ciliate margins, pilose, from linear to linear-lanceolate, 6–9 cm long, 2.8 cm wide; basal leaves absent in flowering time. Main inflorescence is open panicle with ascending to spreading branches gathering 40 or more heads; involucral bracts linear to subulate, involucres 3–5 mm long and 3–4 mm wide. Phillaries in 4 or 5 series unequal, green apex innolled at the margin. Ligules white, often becoming purplish, 1.4 mm wide. Pappus white 3–4 mm (Mohlenbrock 2015).Distribution in Turkey (Figs 2 & 3): Turkey (Western Black Sea Region): A3-Zonguldak, Ereğli district at elevation of 10–150 (200) m, at a roadside, field side and abandoned fields, 29.VII.2016, B.  Tunçkol 4400 & H.  Yaşayacak (DUOF 7023).Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum has been recorded in ruderal habitats, in out parts of main road. It is quite widespread on southern slopes in Ereğli in lengthwise areas of about 10–200 m elevation. The species is a constituent of the ruderal vegetation of Rubus sanctus Schreb., where it is an almost dominant. There are three populations of S. pilosum var. pilosum in Ereğli district (Fig. 3) separated by short interruptions with about 30–40 individuals in each. Individuals of all stages of development, from early vegetative, flowering, and up to late stage of fructification were recorded. Besides S. pilosum var. pilosum, following taxa were recorded in that habitats: Rubus sanctus, Artemisia vulgaris  L., Solanum nigrum L., Clinopodium nepeta Kuntze subsp. glandulosum (Req.) Govaerts and Lactuca serriola L.Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum is native to the eastern part of North America and several southern provinces of Canada. However, it is anthropogenically spread to almost all parts of North America (Chmielewski & Semple 2001). As a naturalized species, it was recorded in India, where it inhabits ruderal A new record for alien flora of Turkey: Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum  107Modern Phytomorphology 11, 2017Fig. 1. General appearance of Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum: A – habitus; B – inflorescence; C – capitula, D – stem, E – basal leaves (dUoF 7023).AB CD E108  Tunçkol B. et al.Modern Phytomorphology 11, 2017areas along the roadsides (Kaul 1975). It was also recently reported as naturalized neophyte for flora of Piemonte in Italy (Conti et al. 2005; Celesti-Grapow et al. 2010). In Europe, this species occurs in different habitats, mostly in agricultural and ruderal, along the coastline, at roadsides, in vine yards, gardens, city parks, on meadows, orchards, trash dumps and roads embankments.In the study on the weed distribution in Zonguldak conducted by Cimalová (2012), S. pilosum var. pilosum is not mentioned. However Cimalová (2012) noticed that there are 69 other taxa belonging to 24 families, and Asteraceae is one of the most represented families (10.14 %).Interruption of nature, urbanization and climate changes cause the deterioration of the natural vegetation and spread of alien plant species. In the last checklist of alien flora of Turkey with a taxonomic composition and ecological attributes, two other Symphyotrichum Fig. 2. distribution of Symphyotrichum in Turkey: ■ – S. pilosum var. pilosum; ● – S. laeve (davis 1988; Güner et al. 2012); ▲ – S. squamatum (davis 1988; Güner et al. 2012).Fig. 3. distribution of Symphyotrichum in ereğli district.A new record for alien flora of Turkey: Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum  109Modern Phytomorphology 11, 2017species (S.  laeve and S.  squamatum) are mentioned as naturalized (Uludağ et al. 2017). Hence, S. pilosum var. pilosum is a new alien taxon reported here, which also seems to be naturalized in Turkey. This new finding seems not to be the last, and a lot of new observations can be made there. According to Aksoy (2014), up to 242 alien taxa are represented in the flora of Turkey. However, in later investigation of Uludağ et al. (2017) already 340 alien taxa were mentioned for Turkey. This shows the importance of local and regional investigations of flora for the new records of alien taxa and further monitoring of their populations.There are many studies on flora and vegetation conducted in Turkey, but the number of alien plants in Turkey is constantly increasing. These species start their spreading mostly in disturbed and unnatural areas, and then they invade the natural sites. Thus, there should be detailed studies about how these alien species come, which areas they occupy, how they compete and how interract with a native flora.ReferencesAksoy N. 2014. The exotic flora of Turkey and preliminary check-list of invasive alien plant species (IAs) in Turkey. 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A new record for alien flora of Turkey: Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L. Nesom var. pilosum

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