Alergija na kravlje mlijeko najčešća je alergijska bolest u ranom djetinjstvu. Oko 80% proteina prisutno je u krutoj frakciji (kazeini, kazeinski kompleks), a oko 20% u tekućoj frakciji (sirutki) mlijeka. Sirutka sadrži α-laktalbumin (Bos d 4) i β-laktoglobulin (Bos d 5), albumin goveđeg seruma (Bos d 6), imunoglobuline (Bos d 7) i laktorferin. Ukupni kazein (Bos d 8) čine četiri različite frakcije: αS1-kazein (Bos d 9), αS2-kazein (Bos d 10), β-kazein (Bos d 11) i κ-kazein (Bos d 12). Za određivanje tih pojedinačnih alergenskih molekula primjenjuje se tzv. komponentna dijagnostika (engl. Component Resolved Diagnosis, CRD), koja je omogućila identifika- ciju glavnih (Bos d 4 i Bos d 5 i sve kazeinske molekule) i sporednih (Bos d 6, Bos d 7 i laktoferin), odnosno križno reaktivnih (Bos d 5 i Bos d 6) alergenskih molekula. Buduća istraživanja omogućit će određivanje dijagnostičke značajnosti otkrivanja pojedinačnih aler- genskih molekula. Veliki napredak očekuje se i u području molekularne biologije, genomike, proteomike i bioinformatike.Cow’s milk allergy is the most common allergic disease in infancy. About 80% of protein is present in the solid milk fraction (caseins, casein complex), and about 20% in the liquid milk fraction (whey). Whey contains α-lactalbumin (Bos d 4), β-lactoglobulin (Bos d 5), bovine serum albumin (Bos d 6), immunoglobulins (Bos d 7) and lactoferrin. Total casein (Bos d 8) consists of four different fractions: αS1-casein (Bos d 9), αS2-casein (Bos d 10), β-casein (Bos d 11) and κ-casein (Bos d 12). Determination of these individual allergen molecules is carried out using the so-called component resolved diagnostics (CRD), which allows identification of major (Bos d 4 and Bos d 5 and all casein molecules), minor (Bos d 6, Bos d 7 and lactoferrin), as well as cross-reactive (Bos d 5 and Bos d 6) allergen molecules. Future research will make it possible to assess diagnostic role of detecting individual allergen molecules. Progress is also expected in the field of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics
