The attention of students of Florida history is called to the Stuart-Purcell map of the road from Pensacola to St. Augustine, which was brought to the writer’s notice by Dr. John R. Swanton. Considered both from the standpoint of the representation of topography, as well as the descriptive legend, it is the outstanding available account of the interior of western and much of northern Florida in the British colonial period

Boyd, Mark F.

English

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Florida Historical Quarterly Volume 17 Number 1 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 17, Issue 1 Article 4 1938 A Map of, the Road from Pensacola to St. Augustine, 1778 (with nine plates) Mark F. Boyd  Part of the American Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Article is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Historical Quarterly by an authorized editor of STARS. For more information, please contact STARS@ucf.edu. Recommended Citation Boyd, Mark F. (1938) "A Map of, the Road from Pensacola to St. Augustine, 1778 (with nine plates)," Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 17 : No. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol17/iss1/4 A MAP OF THE ROAD FROM PENSACOLA TOST. AUGUSTINE, 1778The attention of students of Florida history is called to theStuart-Purcell map of the road from Pensacola to St. Augustine,which was brought to the writer’s notice by Dr. John R. Swanton.Considered both from the standpoint of the representation oftopography, as well as the descriptive legend, it is the outstand-ing available account of the interior of western and much ofnorthern Florida in the British colonial period.The original exists in the Public Record Office, London, whereit is found among the Colonial Office maps, Florida, number54; while a photostatic copy is found in the Map Division ofthe Library of Congress. The map is large, measuring abouteight and one half feet in length by two and one third in width.The representation of the roads gives every indication that theircourse was traced by a careful traverse.Portions of the map are reproduced in the following series ofnine plates, which reproduce the portion showing the actualroute. The encircled key numbers on either side of each plateindicate where it joins to the plates which precede and follow.The location of the Indian towns along the course of the roadsis a valuable feature, as well as the delimitation of the “oldfields” of the first Spanish period. The representation of Talla-hasa Taloofa at approximately the location of the present cityof Tallahasee is the earliest thus far discovered and emphasizesthe antiquity of the name which this site still bears. If anyroad through Florida might be called The Old Spanish Trail itwould be this one. Mark F. Boyd.TITLE IN CARTOUCHEA Map of the Road from Pensacola in West Florida to St.Augustine in East Florida. From a Survey made by order of  the late Hon. Col. John Stuart, Esq. His Majesty’s Superin-tendent of Indian Affairs, Southern District in 1778.By Joseph PurcellItinerary along the roads from Pensacola towards St. Augustine.9 Miles 31 Mount Pleasant, on the East Side of Pensa-k” 2cola Bay, By Water ____........___.....................  1522G Weelustee  or Black Water _..____....__.__._..________  3% g2 Weehihehaga  or Clear-Water __.__..___.___._.___....  61/2 BI 3u Weeknsupka  or Cold-Water ..: ..__._..___..___......... 3% s $1 ii Tallahatchee  or Palmeta  Creek . . . .._..___...._____  7s/z 2 2T$Fukechattelegge  or Red-Clay Creek ___...______  17 5,$J .2 *-) Weelanutchee or Little Yellow River . ..__.._ 9% m2I Weelanee or Yellow-Water __._________________........  2%0) Fork of the Lower Creek Trading Path...... 14% 79%5I 3 Great Pond . . . . ..__...___.___._...............~...................... Sy,I 2 Underground Creek __............__..__...................... 12%1Boyd: A Map of, the Road from Pensacola to St. Augustine, 1778 (with niPublished by STARS, 193816MilesFishing Creek .................................... 9 1/4Old Coosada Town on the East Side ofChacta Hatchee .................................... 18 3/4Hatchee Thlacko or Big Creek ................... 11 1/2Weekaywee Hatchee or Spring Creek .............. 11 1/2Coosa Old Fields .................................... 6 1/4East Branch of Chanpooly or Sweet River 16 1/2Ekana Chatte or Red Ground ................... 14 1/2The Springs ............................................. 16 1/2Burges’s on the East side of Flint River..... 9Forks of the Harmonia Path ......................... 7 1/2Weethlakutchee or Little Big Creek ............. 11 3/4Okalocknee River .................................... 8The great Savannah Okaheepee ............... 1 3/4Tallahasa Taloofa or Old Field Town ......... 6 3/4Micasuky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1/2Assilly River and Fork of St. Pedro Path.... 16 1/2Little Assilly River .................................... 1 1/2Bridge river and remains of SpanishBridge and Causeway ......................... 12St. Pedro Pond and Remains of a Fort ...... 4 1/2Forks of Path .................................... 11 3/4Stony (?) Creek .................................... 8 1/2Rio St. Juan de Guacara alias SeguanaRiver 6 1/4Spring Old Field .................................... 6Last Place the River is seen from the Path 11 1/2Weethatookame at a place where it runssubterraneous .......................................... 11 1/2Rio Santa Fe at a place where it runssubterraneous .................................... 12 1/2Hekopockee a noted Indian camping place.... 1 1/2First Branch of Latchua ..................... 4Cowpen Creek or Last Branch of Latchua 21Great Savannah .................................... 7 1/2Westernmost Great Pond ................................ 4Easternmost Great Pond ............................ 14 1/2Old Fort of St. Francisco de Pupa, on theWest side of St. John’s R. ...................... 20 1/4Across the River St. John’s to Fort Picalata 2St. Augustine .................................... 22 1/4125 3/4155186211 219247 263 3/4295 3/4312326 3/4368 1/4440 4652Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 17 [1938], No. 1, Art. 4https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol17/iss1/417Along the Harmonia  Path from its Forks Miles2Tootoloosa-hopunga  Greek ___ .___....  __-_-  -___.___._._._ 3West Branch of WeethIakutehee  or Littlew Bie Creek _ ___. _______ ______.__ ________ ____._______ __._____ _____. 3%03;;fi.East-Branch  of Weethlakutchee or Little ‘-2;Big Creek ..p. _._. _______ _._.  _ . . ..__  ___ ____..__..__.._.  _._________ 3%Okalocknee  Village on East Side of River 9%Great (?) Savannah de la Harmonia __._.___  7%2 .g Fork of Path to the Lower Creeks _... _ --..... 9%‘0 Micasuky ___________ __ ________________ _______ _____________ __ ___. _ ____._ 4 41!@isiAlong the Old Field Path _.__.__  . . . ..46s/a  milesAlong the Harmonia Path . . . . . ...41 milesIn favor of the Harmonia  Path 53/a  milesAlong the upper St. Pedro Path fromAssilly  River MilesLittle Assilly  ____________ __.______ _____ _ _____ __ .________._____  ___ 11/4Head Branch of Bridge River _ ______ _ __._.___.___ 5Fork of St. Pedro Path _________..__._  ______ _._.__.  25 31%433Along the upperSt. Pedro path ..__ ._..._. _ . ..____... 31% milesAlong the lower or main8 St. Pedro Path _____.._  -.---29% milesr5In favour of themain path . .._ _ _____ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..i 3/2 (sic) lysAlong the Trading Path from the Head ofSanta Rosa Bay to Ekanachattee MilesBy water from Pensacola to the head ofSanta Rosa Bay __._____  _ ___._____._________________ ____.___ 72Big Creek _ _________.__.________ _ ._._..._.__.  ___._._  ..__._  __.._-_  _____ 16%cd Southernmost Great Pond ________...  _ _______ __._ .__.___ 7yss Path to the Forks ______ _____ __ _________ _ _______.__.____  _ _____ ____ 12%s S. E. Branch of Ekonfeena _ _____._ _ ____ __._____ .______ 19ya3 N. E. Branch of Ekonfeena ___ ___.__  ________ __...__._  __ 5ii Chanpooly  River at a .place where itruns subterraneous ____.  __.___ ._______ _.._  __._ __ ___..__._  :. lOY4EEEkanachattee or Red Ground _______._ _____ __._____._  16%From Pensacola to Ekanachatteeby way of Santa Rosa Bay......160 milesBy way of Mt. Pleasant .__ .__.___..  186 milesIn favour of Santa Rosa Bay..-.  26 milesGENERAL REMARKS ON THE ROADS OR PATHSY%e Roach or Path Bet&at Mount Pleasant andEkanaehatte is through High alid Low Pine Lands,part of the Coosa Old Fields and Oak Lands: TheLow Pine Lands are wet and places boggy in rainy3Boyd: A Map of, the Road from Pensacola to St. Augustine, 1778 (with niPublished by STARS, 193818weather, the other parts are dry and firm. ThePath between Mount Pleasant and the Fork of theLower Creek Tradeing Path is plain and well Trod,from hence to Ekanachatte, is small and little trod.The Range or Food for Cattle and Horses is chieflygood. Crosses Weelanee and Choctau Hatchee thatare not Fordable; Weelanee has a large swamp oneach side which is overflowed in the Freshes.Crosses many Creeks that are Fordable when thewaters are low; Weelustee, Weehiheaga, Weeka-supka, Talla Hatchie, Fukechattelegga, Weela-nutcha, underground and Fishing Creeks, and theBranches of Chanpooly River, which are not Ford-able and their swamps or Lowlands overflowed inthe Freshes and also cosses [crosses] many smallCreeks and Reedy Branches which are alwaysFordable. Some of the Reedy Branches are boggy.On each side of the Path are many Ponds which are  chiefly without water in the Dry Seasons.Betwixt Ekanachatte and Tallahassa Taloofa, thePath is through high Pine and Oak lands and theAppalatchi Old Fields, is Plain and well Trod inplaces along old Carriage Roads worn one and twofeet deep. Crosses Chattahutchee and Flint Rivers,which are not Fordable. Also the Springs, Weethla-kutchee and Okalocknee Rivers are not Fordable butin very dry seasons. Chattahutchee, Flint andWeethlakutchee Rivers, have swamps with are inplaces low and overflowed by the Freshes. AlsoCrosses several small Creeks and Branches whichare fordable, and many ponds and small Savannahsthat are full of water and boggy in wet Weather.The Range or Food in general good.Betwixt Tallahassa Taloofa and Micasuky, thepath is through Appalatchi Old Fields, Pine andOak Lands, in places along old broad Roads wornone, two and three feet deep, is plain and well Trod.4Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 17 [1938], No. 1, Art. 4https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol17/iss1/419Cosses [crosses] several small Branches which areFordable but some boggy, many Ponds and smallsavannahs of the same Nature as the above. Rangeor Food good.Betwixt Micasucky and Seguana River, the mainSt. Pedro Path is through Oak, high and low Pinelands and St. Pedro Old Fields is plain and welltrod. Crosses Assilly, Little Assilly and BridgeRivers which are Fordable but in high freshes.Assilly and Bridge rivers have wide swamps andmarshes on each side which are chiefly overflowedin great freshes. Also cosses [crosses] manysmall creeks and Branches that are fordable andmany Bay galls and Ponds that are full of waterand boggy in wet weather. The Range middlinggood.Betwixt Seguana and St. John’s Rivers. The pathis throe high and low Pine lands, the spring,Weechatookamee and Santa Fe Old Fields, isPlain and well trod. Crosses Seguana River notFordable; Weechatookamee and Santa Fe Rivers ata place where they run subterraneous; also Crossesmany small Creeks and Branches some not fordablein great freshies; and also many Bay galls andponds that are full of water in rainy weather. Be-twixt Seguana and Santa Fe on each side of thepath are many Remarkable Rocky Springs from 20to 30 feet deep, said to run Subterraneous into theRivers. Between Santa Fe and St. John’s riverson each side of the path are many large deep ponds,full of Water in which are abundance of Fish; saidto have a communication subterraneous with eachother and with the great Latchua pond. Betweenthe Easternmost great pond and St. John’s, is lowPine land, is wet and in places boggy in wet weath-er. The range middling good.5Boyd: A Map of, the Road from Pensacola to St. Augustine, 1778 (with niPublished by STARS, 193820Between Fort Picalate, on the East side of St.John’s River, and St. Augustine, the path is chieflythroe low Pine lands, part of which is wet andboggy after great Rains, is plain and well trod.Crosses many small creeks and branches which havelow swamps, that are full of water in wet weatherbut fordable. Range or Food middling good.The upper path from Assilly River to the forksof the St. Pedro Path, is throe Oak and low Pinelands and St. Pedro old fields, is small and littletrod. Crosses the head branches of Bridge River,and Little Assilly River, not fordable in great  Freshes, also crosses many Ponds and Bay-gallsfull of water and boggy in wet weather. Rangemiddling good.The Harmonia Path from its Fork to Micasuckyis throe high Pine and Oak lands, is plain and welltrod. Crosses Okalocknee not fordable, two branchesof Weethlakutchee River that are not fordable ingreat Freshes, many small Creeks and Branchesthat are fordable and a Branch of the Savannahcalle [d] la Harmonia, this savannah is in rainyweather full of water and is boggy. Range middlinggood.The path betwixt the head of Santa Rosa Bay andEkanachatte, is throe high and low Pine and Oaklands, is plain and well trod. Crosses ChanpoolyRiver at a place where it runs subterraneous hason each side a wide swamp which are overflowedin high Freshes; also Crosses many Creeks andBranches and Bay-galls which are full of water andsome not fordable in great rains. Between the headof Santa Rosa Bay and the head branches ofOkchoyee Creek, on each side of the Path are manylarge Ponds, that are deep and full of water, haveabundance of fish in them, said to have a subter-6Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 17 [1938], No. 1, Art. 4https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol17/iss1/421   raneous communication with each other and withChoctawhatchee. Range good.ON THE LANDS AND SOIL.The Pine Lands commonly called Pine Barrens,they are high and low; the Soil in general very poorand sandy. The low in wet weather is chiefly underwater. The high is in places pebbly and stoney,and is only valuable but for its timber.The Oak Lands commonly called Hammoks, theirgrowth is chiefly Oaks, Hickaries and Mulberriesthe soil in general is middling good but light; andin places, as about the Coosa Old Fields, Apalatchiand St. Pedro the soil is richer and have Walnuttrees and small Canes; appears to be fit for theculture of Indigo, Corn and Pulse of all kinds.The Old Fields are variable, those of Appalatchi,Coosa, St. Pedro and Santa Fe are chiefly grownup with Oaks, Hickaries, Mulberries, Pines andsmall Canes, and in places are hilly. The soil inplaces rich and in others light, but in general good.it. appears to be fit for the culture of Wheat, Indigo,Tobacco, Indian Corn and Pulse of all kinds. Theother Old Fields are in general grown up with Oaksand Pines. The soil light and sandy. The Ap-palatchi and St. Pedro Old Fields bear the marksof once having been large and flourishing Spanishsettlements, strongly proved by the Ruins of Forts,Churches, and other buildings; the Cannon andChurch Bells that are found lying about; the BroadRoads; and by the remains of Causeways andBridges that are to be seen to this day.The Swampy Lands are of different qualities;those on Choctawhatchie, Chattahutchee, Flint, Ap-palatchiocoola Rivers are high and low. The growthof the high is White and Water Oaks, Beetch, Elm,Sassafras and Canes; the soil rich, some parts are7Boyd: A Map of, the Road from Pensacola to St. Augustine, 1778 (with niPublished by STARS, 193822overflowed in very high freshes. In places, par-ticularly in the Appalatchi Ocoola River are fourand five miles wide. Appears to be very fit for theculture of Indigo, Tobacco, Hemp, Flax and IndianCorn. The growth of the Low is Cypress, Tupulos,Gums, Oaks and Canes ; the soil Rich but are chieflyunder water but when the Rivers are low. Theother swamps are Generally low, their Growth isBays, Gums, Water Oaks, Cypress and Pines, the   soil poor and sandy.ON THE INDIAN TOWN    CAL L E D  THE  SEMINOLAS ORWILD PEOPLE BEING COLLONIES  FROM THE MUSCOGEESALIAS CREEK NATION.Ekanachatte or Red Ground. Is situated on theWest Bank of Chattahutchee River; consisting of26 Houses, a Chuko-Thlako or great House, com-monly called the Square; 10 Families and 10 Gun-men. The head Man or Chief is named Cockee,commonly called by the Traders, the Bully.Tomatly. Is situated on the West side of Appa-latchi Ocoola River, half mile from its bank, andabout four miles below its Forks. Consisting of11 Houses, a square, 6 Families and 14 Gunmen,the head man’s name is Intalgee.Hyhappo or Savannah. Is situated five miles anda half below Tomatly, on the same side of the Riverand one mile from its Bank. Consisting of 6 Houses,4 Families and 6 Gunmen, the head man’s name isthe Tomatly Warrior.Oklafunee or Coxpur. Is situated on the Eastside of Flint River. Consisting of 24 Houses, asquare, 13 Families and 22 Gunmen. The headman’s Name is Iwanke.Tallahassee Taloofa or Old Field Town. Is situ-ated in the Appalatchi Old Fields near the head ofTagabona alias West River of Appalatchi, about 108Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 17 [1938], No. 1, Art. 4https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol17/iss1/423miles northwardly from Fort St. Marks. Consist-ing of 36 Houses, a square, 16 Families, and 30 Gun-men. The head man’s name is Tonaby.Micasucky. Is situated on a great Savannah, thehead of the Appalatchi East River. Consisting of60 Houses, a square, 28 Families and 70 Gunmen.The head man’s name is Senetahago.There are also several small villages, consistingof a few houses and two or three Families each,which are depending on the Towns.Besides the above Towns and Villages there arealso others, which I did not visit.(The entire main road is reproduced following. The scale istwo-thirds of full size.)9Boyd: A Map of, the Road from Pensacola to St. Augustine, 1778 (with niPublished by STARS, 193810Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 17 [1938], No. 1, Art. 4https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol17/iss1/411Boyd: A Map of, the Road from Pensacola to St. Augustine, 1778 (with niPublished by STARS, 193812Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 17 [1938], No. 1, Art. 4https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol17/iss1/413Boyd: A Map of, the Road from Pensacola to St. Augustine, 1778 (with niPublished by STARS, 193814Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 17 [1938], No. 1, Art. 4https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol17/iss1/415Boyd: A Map of, the Road from Pensacola to St. Augustine, 1778 (with niPublished by STARS, 193816Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 17 [1938], No. 1, Art. 4https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol17/iss1/417Boyd: A Map of, the Road from Pensacola to St. Augustine, 1778 (with niPublished by STARS, 193818Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 17 [1938], No. 1, Art. 4https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol17/iss1/4

A Map of, the Road from Pensacola to St. Augustine, 1778 (with nine plates)

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A Map of, the Road from Pensacola to St. Augustine, 1778 (with nine plates)

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