Non-fused ring acceptors for organic solar cells

Abstract

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have experienced rapid development and achieved significant breakthroughs in power conversion efficiencies owing to the emergence of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with ladder-type multiple fused ring structures. However, the high synthetic complexity and production cost of multiple fused ring NFAs hinder the commercial prospects of OSCs. In this context, the development of non-fused ring acceptors (NFRAs) with simple structures and facile synthesis has been proposed. In this mini review, we summarize the important progress in this field spanning from molecular design strategies to structure-performance relationships. Ultimately, with the aim of realizing the practical application of NFRAs in OSCs, we discuss the current challenges and future directions in terms of achieving high performance and low synthetic complexity simultaneously. These discussions provide valuable insights into the development of new NFRAs