Myeloid cell responses after spinal cord injury

Abstract

The work done in the authors labs were supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-14828 and MOP-142231), and the MS Society of Canada (#2112) (SD); Wings for Life Spinal Cord Research Foundation (WFL-US-13/16), and Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment (5520363) (AK); and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiiveness (SAF2016-79774-R), International Foundation for Research in Paraplegia (P148), Wings for Life Spinal Cord Research Foundation (WFL-ES-14/17) and by funds from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria of Spain (TERCEL and CIBERNED) (RLV). We also wish to thank our many collaborators. The past decade has revealed much about the complexity of the local inflammatory response after spinal cord injury (SCI). A major challenge is to distinguish between microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to determine their phenotype and function. Transcriptome studies have revealed microglia-selective genes but are still limited in scope because many markers are downregulated after injury. Additionally, new genetic reporter mice are available to study microglia and MDMs. There is more evidence now for the plasticity and heterogeneity of microglia and MDMs. We also discuss the role of neutrophils that are the first peripheral cells to enter the injured CNS.Altres ajuts: International Foundation for Research in Paraplegia: WFL-ES-14/17, P148; Wings for Life: WFL-US-13/16; Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment: 5520363; MS Society of Canada: 2112; Canadian Institutes of Health Research:MOP-14828, MOP-14223