Babeva, S.

Halatcheva, L.

Kavaldjieva, B.

Nikolova, P.

Petrova, K.

Stanchev, S.

English

Varna Medical University Press: Journals

III. P R O P H Y L A C T I C A L PROBLEMS COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF P U P I L S FROM T E C H N I C A L GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF WOODWORKING P. Nikolova, L . Halatcheva, S. Stanchev, S. Babeva, B . Kavaldjieva, K . Petrova Key-words: technical school — woodworking — haematology — biochemistry — pupils The education in the technical grammar schools is different afld rather complex than that in the rest grammar schools. There are special programmes, new disciplines, definite regimen of labour and rest contributing to the loss of the ordinary "school" stereotype; there are extraordinary first contacts wi th the pro­fessional and production factors (Sukhareva L . M . , 1981). I n the organisms of pupils from such schools develop complex dynamic changes based on the function­a l adaptation to the multiple factors of the production environment (Bessedina A . A . et a l . , 1977; Sergev D . et a l . , 1977; Lebedeva I . V . et a l . , 1982) which are able to perform certain negative influences upon the young organisms (Haustova N . D . , 1969; Serdyukovskaya G . N . , 1975). I n the process of the production education in the school of woodworking the organism of the pupils for the first time gets acquainted wi th specific production factors: organic dissolvents, wood powder, noise. The expressiveness of i n i t i a l reactions and degree of involv ing of the defensive and adaptive mechanisms to­wards the action of the chemical agent depend most of a l l on the age (Kaganomitch D . I . , 1969). I n the technical grammar schools pupils begin their study at the age of 15—16 years; for this age it is known that there is an increased sensi t ivi ty to­wards the unfavourable factors of the production environment (Doskin V . A . , 1971; Kramarenko I . В . , L . M . Sukhareva, 1975; Serdyukovskaya G . N . , 1975). I n connection wi th the actual question about the action of chemical factors at low intensity level upon the inmature organism (Roels H . , U . P . Buchet , 1975; Rutenburg E . S. , T . Moreinis, 1976; Serdyukovskaya G . N . , 1978) we had planned to study and compare some haematological and biochemical parameters of pu­pils from the three classes of the technical grammar school of woodworking. Material and methods The study was performed during the school 1981/82 year. Based on the stan­dards of the local Hygiene-Epidemiology Institute we considered the concentrations of the chemical factors (excluding toluole) under the l imited quantities. Our study covered 30 pupils from the three classes; they were investigated by using the routine methods for the following parameters: haemoglobin, erythro­cytes, l ipids and cholesterin, ac t iv i ty of enzymes G O T , G P T , L A P in serum, also acetone, hippuric acid, phenylglyoxalic acid and almond acid in urine. The con­trols were 15 pupils from the mechanical grammar school. 102 P. Nikolova, L . Halatcheva, S. Stanchev. The results were analysed after the method of variations; the cri terion of Student-Fisher " T " was used for comparison. Results and discussion Haemoglobin varied about quite s imilar average values without any defi­nite stat ist ical differences between the three groups of studied pupils and the con­trols (table 1). The comparison wi th the age normal values did not show sta t is t ical ampli­tudes too. Erythrocytes were also in the normal values concerning age. However, their number for the pupils in the first year of education (4.5 x l O 1 2 ) was re l iably higher to compare it w i th the control one and the rest groups (p<0 .02 ; table 1). Due to the s tabi l i ty of those parameters we considered that they could not be in­fluenced by any of the production factors. The results of the study of total lipids and cholesterin in serum shew certain amplitudes concerning the amount of cholesterin. As for the control groups there was an average level about 222 mg. However, cholesterin in serum of pupils from the first year of education was considerably lower (p>0.05) , but in serum of pu­pils from second and third year i t was s t i l l lower (p<0 .05 ; p < 0 . 0 1 ; table 1). The ac t iv i ty of the studied enzymes G O T , G P T and L A P was changed in a various degree. Table 1 shows that certain dynamics was registered wi th G P T . T a b l e 1 Indexes studied concerning serum and blood Group nd 2 course rd 3 course Index controls 1 course Hb g/1 E r 10 1 2/1 Total cholesterol mg % Total lipids mg % G O T U / d m 3 G P T U / d m 3 L A P U / d m 3 138,30+4,60 4,03+0,11 222,21+23,70 539,00+37,79 12,32+1,80 6,17+0,90 14,71 + 1,68 137,25+4,60 4,50+0,44** 166,60+.17,56* 510,90= 8,91 = 3,00= 18,83= :62,68 :1,10 :0,63* :2,18 144,20+31,3 3,79==0,13 153,18=»=6,25* 577,00+24,71 12,65+Л,19 2,98+0,56** 9,90+0,95* 138,90+3,30 4,80+0,10 -156,91+-5,75** 571,39^=25,64 8,50=i=l,64 2,37=1=0,37*** 12,77=±=1,17 : <0,05 P<0,01 p<0,001 The control average values were 6.17 U / d m 3 and the decrease of the enzyme act i ­v i t y was wi th 61.6 % for the pupils from third year of education ( p < 0 . 0 0 1 ; table 1). The ac t iv i ty of the serum G O T was not dynamical ly changed but s t i l l there was a decreased level for the third-year pupils when compared to the controls (table 1). The values of the L A P ac t iv i ty for the control group were 14.71 U / d m 3 . As for the first-year pupils they were higher (with 21 % ) and in the serum of pupils from second year these values were wi th 32.6 % decreased (p<0 .05 ; table 1); low­er was the level ( in comparison wi th the controls) of L A P ac t iv i ty for the group of pupils from third year. Comparative study of some.. 103 The parameters in urine, specially the hippuric acid, shew also some dynamic changes of concentration. For the control group its average values were 0.42 g/dm 3 whereas for the second-year pupils they were higher (0.76 g/dm 3 ; p<0 .05 ) . The acid concentration was re la t ively (but unrel iably) high for the third-year pupils too. The acetone concentration in urine of pupils from the control group var ied about an average value of 4.35 mg/dm 3 . The pupils from, the woodworking grammar school had a tendency of higher concentration, re la t ive ly more expressed for the group of second-year pupils (table 2) . The concentrations of phenylglyoxalic and almond acids in urine of pupils from the three groups varied about very s imilar and close average values without s tat is t ical differences even in comparison wi th the control group. However, when comparing the dynamics of a l l parameters from urine of the studied pupils' we suggested certain tendency (excluding acetone) of changing the level of ac t iv i ty or concentrations wi th approximately 30 % of a l l pupils from the three groups. Th i s fact we considered as an unfavourable one, showing the influence of the ap­plied organic dissolvents upon the organsim of the pupils under investigation. The analysis of our data allowed to determine certain i n i t i a l level of dynamics of proteins, l ipids, carbohydrates. I t was very important that most of a l l the chan­ges in serum and urine contributed to the second-year pupils. Probably it was due to the massive in i t i a l contact between the organism of the pupils and the che-T a b l e 2 Urine concentrations of some acids Group Phenylglyoxalic acid mcg/cm s Indexes Mindal acid mcg/cm 3 Hippuric acid g/dm 8 Aceton mg/dm 3 Controls l s tcourse 2 n d course 3 r d course 37,36=1=5,34 42,57=1=3,76 36,96=1=5,49 43,99=1=5,40 273,06=1=18,92 302,84=1=20,34 270,61=1=15,10 301,68 =t 29,07 0,424=1=0,120 0,470=1=0,120 0,767=1=0,120* 0,670=1=0,250 4,35=1=0,97 5,25=1=0,61 5,96:±=0,67 5,40=±=0,31 * p<0,05 mical factors. According to Sukharev L . M . et a l . (1981) the character of the chan­ges could be a result of the additional production factors accumulating conside­rably in the second year when the education became harder and more intensive. The less expressed dynamics of those changes in the organisms of pupils from third year could be contributed tg the adaptation to the production factors when the intensity was s t i l l not at the level of the factory production (L jub l ina Е . I . et a l . , 1971; Sukhareva L . M . , 1981). The established changes of the studied parameters inform about certain un­favourable influence of the factors wi th low intensity (school education in wood­working conditions) upon the inmature organism; therefore, it is necessary to sug­gest definite prophylactic and creative programmes. 104 P. Nikolova, L. Halatcheva, S. Stanchev. Conclusion j 1) Different changes concerning character and degree of the level of choleste­r in , ac t iv i ty of G P T and L A P in serum, hippuric acid in urine, were registered in the pupils under study. 2) The changes were most manifested in serum and urine of pupils from se­cond year of education. 3) Exc lud ing acetone there was certain tendency in the dynamics of the pa­rameters from urine of about 30 % pupils from each group. R E F E R E N C E S 1. Б е с е д и н а, А. Н. , В. А. М е л ь ч е н к о, М. П. В о р о н ц о в . В: Н а ц . конгр. хиг., I I I . София, 1971, с. ПО. 2. Д о с к и н, В. А. Гиг. и санит., 1971, № 3, 47 — 49. 3. К а г а н о в и ч, Д . И. В: Респ. науч. конф. по итогам гиг. исслед. 1966—1967. Москва. Материалы. М., 1969, 290—291. 4. К р а м а р е н к о, И. Б . , Л . М. С у х а ­р е в а . В: Производственные факторы и чувствительность к ним учащихся и работающих подростков. М., 1975, 7—34. 5. Л е б е д е в а, И. В . , Л . И. К р а с н о ц е н к о в а. Здравоохр. Росс. Фед., 1982, № 7, 25—27. 6. Л ю б л и н а, Е. И., Н. А. М и н к и н а, М. А. Р ы л о в а. В: Адаптация к пром. дим как фаза интоксикации. Л . , 1971, с. 6. 7. Про­изводственные факторы и чувствительность к ним учащихся и работающих подростков. М., 1975, с. 57. 8. Р у т е н б у р г, Э. С , Т. М о р е й н и с. В: Вопросы адаптации под­ростков к произв. факторам. М., 1976, 27—41. 9. С е р г е в, Д . , и др. Хиг. и здравеоп., 1977, № 5, 443—447. 10. С е р д ю к о в с к а я , Г. Н. В: Работоспособность и состояние учащихся проф. техн. школы. М., 1978, 137. 11. С т е ф а н о в а - Ш п а н д е л б е р г , С. Хиг. и здравеоп., 1982, № 6, 540—542. 12. С у х а р е в а, Л . М. Гиг. и санит., 1981, № 2, 28—30. 13. С у х а р е в а, Л . М., И. Б . К р а м а р е н к о, П. В. Д р у ж и ­н и н . Гиг. и санит., 1981, № 8, 31—33. 14. X а у с т о в а, Н . Д . Гиг. и санит., 1969, № 2, 38—42. 15. R о е 1 s, Н. , U . P . B u c h e t , et a l . Brit. J. Ind. Med., 32. 1975, N 3 , 181 — 182. С Р А В Н И Т Е Л Ь Н О Е И С С Л Е Д О В А Н И Е Н Е К О Т О Р Ы Х Г Е М А Т О Л О Г И Ч Е С К И Х И Б И О Х И М И Ч Е С К И Х П О К А З А Т Е Л Е Й У У Ч Е Н И К О В Т Е Х Н И К У М О В ПО О Б Р А Б О Т К Е Д Е Р Е В А П. Николова, Л. Халачееа, С. Станчев, С. Бабева, В. Кавалджиева, К- Петрова Р Е З Ю М Е Во время производственной практики у трех групп учеников I , I I и I I I курса и у кон­трольной группы юношей того же возраста были исследованы: гемоглобин, эритроциты, жиры, холестерин, активность энзимов ГПТ, ГОТ и Л А П в сыворотке, и т а к ж е концентра­ции ацетона, гипуровой, фенилглиоксаловой и миндалевой кислот в моче. Установлено, что наиболее быстро меняется активность ГПТ, которая в сыворотке тре­тьекурсников уменьшается на 61 % по сравнению с контрольной группой. Активность Л А П понижается у учеников второго курса. Она задерживается на сравнительно низком уровне и у третьекурсников. Уровень холестирола у исследуемых учеников ниже по сравнению с контрольной группой. Его уровень ниже всего у учеников третьего курса . Из всех показателей мочи наиболее значительным изменениям подвергается концен­трация гипуровой кислоты, которая повышается чувствительно у второкурсников. Наибо­лее высокие стоимости в моче учеников второго курса показывает ацетон. 

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF PUPILS FROM TECHNICAL GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF WOODWORKING

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF PUPILS FROM TECHNICAL GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF WOODWORKING

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