Lesichkov, V.

Mitev, D.

English

Varna Medical University Press: Journals

T H E E F F E C T OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE IN CERTAIN CASES OF D E M O R A L I Z A T I O N V. Lesichkov, D. Mitev It is well known from the comparatively scarce literature data avail-able that the synthetic ionogenic, superficially active substances, unlike fatty saponins, form adsorptional layers which are endowed with weakly pronounced protective properties. To manifest their stabilizing effect, they should be applied to the various cases in the form of composite mixtures, mainly with electrolytes and with a variety of protective colloids. In the presence of similar supplements, the aggregative stability of the eliminated particles is strongly enhanced. According to Schwartz H . M. and co-work-ers (7), this occurs as a result of the increased surface activity of the su-perficially active substances. K . Lindner (6) and H . Stupel (8) point out that under the conditions outlined mycelium formation in the solutions of superficially active substancesjis relieved, whilst in the opinion of V . Clayton (5), the tensile strength and viscosity of their adsorption layers are being established. As regards colloid solutions of superficially active substances, it is stated that particular importance in their capacity of activying electro-lytes should be attributed to the polyphosphates with common formula N a n + 2 P n 0 3 n + 1 . These polyphosphates, mainly by way of complex-forma-tion, rise the peptization of the particles eliminated and thus lower the possibility for joining the surfaces of the hard phases. However, such a regularity has merely qualitative character. In a previous work by the authors (1), the influence of the superficially active substance sapogenate T-130 was studied, as well as the deminera-lization effect of 0.1 M solution of complexon I I I , exerted upon simple bio-logical structures in ultrasound environment. In the present studies, we made it our aim to trace up the influence of Na 4 P 2 0 7 on demoralization under identical conditions. 1. 0.1 M solution of complexon I I I . 2. Sapogenate T-130. 3. Na 4P 2O 7.10 H 2 0 . 4. Shells of Donax venustus, Gibula divaricata and Helix nemoralis. 5. Apparatus for investigating the surface pressure of liquids. 6. Sonotherm — ultrasound generator, CO -Materials and Method 30 V. Lesichkov, D. Mitev The samples are prepared for work according to the method already described (1). The complexon I I I solutions are supplemented with 1% sa­pogenate T-130 and 0.5% Na 4 P 2 0 7 10 H 2 0 . At the percentage of sapogenate T-130 indicated, the pH of the medium is maintained unaltered and the surface tension is readily recorded. To determine the coefficient of surface tension, we chose the method of maximal pressure within the vesicle. In the latter instance, it was pro­ceeded from the formula submitted by R . S. Laplas (4). The working samples thus prepared are dried at 110° С and weighed t i l l constant weight is recorded. A set of three samples undergo treatment over periods of 30, 60, 90 and 120 min with 0.1 M solution of complexon I I I in ultrasound environment. After the treatment, the samples are washed out in distilled water, dried and weighed ti l l constant weight is established. Д p is determined on the basis of weight differences. Another set undergoes treatment with 0.1 M solution of complexon I I I , with addition of 1% sa­pogenate T-130 in ultrasound environment. The third set, likewise in ultra­sound environment, is treated with 0.1 M solution of complexon I I I with addition of 1% sapogenate T-130 and 0.5% Na 4 P 2 0 7 . 10. H 2 0 . Sonotherm — ultrasound generator was used for ultrasound treatment, with due consideration to all technical requirements (2, 3). Ultrasound was used at frequency 800 k H z ± 2 0 % , vibrating area — 8cm 2 , power of ultrasound — 1 W/cm 2 . A l l determinations were performed at room temperature, about 17° C. Results In the course of surface tension of 0.1 M solution of complexon I I I de­termination, the above solution after addition of 1 % sapogenate T-130 and 1% sapogenate T-130+0.5% Na 4P 2O 7.10 H 2 0 disclosed the following results: 0.1 M complexon I I I № H . 10~ 3 m Л H . 1 0 - » m J H 2 . IQ~* m 0.01 0.01 0.81 0.01 1.21 0.81 0.01 0.01 0.81 1.21 1 42 - 0 . 1 2 42 - A l 3 41 H-0.9 4 42 —0.1 5 43 —1.1 6 41 +0.9 7 42 —0.1 8 42 —0.1 9 41 +0.9 10 43 —1.1 mean 41.9 2 Д Н 2 = 4 . 9 0 Х 1 0 ~ 6 m The Effec of Sodium Pyrophospate. 31 Oi=H . a=41.9xlO~ 3X 1.6=0.06704 N/m o1=(0.06704+0.000234) N/m 0.1 M complexon I I I - f - 1 % sapogenate T-130 № H X 1 0 - 3 m d H X l O - 3 m j H 2 X l O ~ e m 1 ' 22 -1 .4 1.96 2 21 —0.4 0.16 3 22 —1.4 1.96 4 20 +0 6 0.36 5 19 +1.6 2.56 6 19 +1.6 2.56 7 20 +0.6 0.36 8 21 —0.4 0.16 9 20 +0.6 0.36 10 22 —1,4 1.96 Mean 20.6 2 Д H 2 = 1 2 . 0 X W ~ 6 m a 2 =HXa=20.6X10 - 3 X1.6=0.03296 N/m o 2 =(0.03296± 0.000366) N/m 0.1 M complexon I H + 1 % sapogenate T-130+0.5% Na 4P i i0 7 x 10H2O ЛЬ H x W ~ 3 m J H X 1 0 - * m j H 2 X l O - e m 1 15 +0.2 0.04 2 17 —1.8 3.24 3 14 +1.2 1.44 4 16 —0.8 0.64 5 16 —0.8 0.64 6 15 —0.2 0.04 7 14 +1.2 1.44 8 14 +1.2 1.44 9 15 +0.2 0.04 10 16 —0.8 0.64 mean 15.2 Д 2 H 2 =9.60X W ~ 6 m a 3 =HXa=15.2xl0- 3 Xl.6=0.02432 N/m F - , . J S A H 2 - + .РШ] = +-0.338X Ю- 3 r ~ - \ n ( n - l ) - \ 10X9 q 3=(0.02432±0.000338) N/m 32 „ V. Lesichkov, D. Mitev It is evident from the results submitted that in this particular case the addition of 1% sapogenate T-130 to 0.1 M complexon I I I solution brings about a reduction of the surface tension practically to one half. The supple­ment of 0.5% N a 4 P 2 O 7 x l 0 H 2 0 reduces the surface tension to 34.71% of the initial one. The results obtained in the above investigation are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3. T a b l e 1 0.1 M complexon I I I in ultrasound environment Objects 30 min 60 min i ' " r 90 min 120 min Donax venustus Gib. divaricata . H. nemoralis 8.00 10.56 14.00 19.04 22.48 24.10 29.84 31.00 37.66 36.22 40.02 46.00 T a b 1 с 2 0.1 M complexon 111+1% sapogenate T-130 in ultrasound environment Objects 30~ min 60 min 90 min 120 min Donax venustus Gib. divaricata H. nemoralis 14.70 17.54 19.60 25.00 27.40 29.92 42.00 47.?0 49.30 58.88 62.08 63.00 T a b l e 3 0.1 M complexon 111+1% sapogenate T-130+0.5% Na 4 P 2 0 7 in ultrasound environment Objects 30 min 60 min 90 min с i '<• 120 min Donax venustus Gib. divaricata H. nemoralis 17.00 20.04 22.00 28.32 29.80 33.40 44.90 50.00 52.00 62.84 65.40 65.66 The kinetics of the process in the three sets is expressed graphically in figures 1, 2 and 3. The numbering along the curves corresponds to the data of the three tables. 3 Scrlpta medlca 34 V. LejiQchkov, D. Mitev Discussion It is obvious that, on the vfriole, demineralization in this particular case runs a course of strictly linriear regularity. The differences between the various representatives of simploe biostructures, made up by CaC0 2 mainly, are by no means substantial. Oi^course, the latter fact should be related to the similarities in their structural build up. In this instance, of particular importance appears to be the influence exerted by pyrophosphate upon $i\e surface tension of the complexon I I I solution, to which a superficially active substance is added. A single, insig­nificant N a 4 P 2 O 7 X l 0 H 2 0 addition of the order of 0.5% causes lowering of the superficial tension of the solution with about 19 per cent. As a re­sult of the latter, the effect of ^mineralization is increased with several percents.lt should be assumed tfriat in this case, the pyrophosphate ions exert a favourable effect on complex formation and most probably, take part in the formation of complex phosphate-containing calcium chelate complexes. They favour the peptization of the salt ions, eliminated by the attacked surfaces and thus exert aim overall favourable effect on the disin­tegration prccess. In compliance with the general theoretical principles, it should be recognized that at sufficient concentration of the surface sub­stance, the sodium pyrophosphate contributes to the obtaining of opti­mal colloid-chemical properties tvy the solutions. Such a colloidization should be manifested by the fad that in the solutions proper mycelium formation is accomplished at t te participation of the powerful electro­lyte, whereas the adsorptional lasers of the dividing surface assume par­ticular stability, in accordance w i t h the general thermodynamical prin­ciple of the free superficial energy minimum. Unfortunately, at the present ^stage of scientific research, many of the regularities in the phenomena involved, conditioning the action of super­ficially active substances, bear a qualitative nature. Hence, it is impossible to establish the simple relationsh ip existing between the effectiveness of their action and the numerous factors involved, the presence of polyphos­phates inclusive. R E F E R Е N С Е S 1. Л е с и ч к о в , В л., Д. М и т е в , Ц в . О б р е т е н о в. Относно деминерали-зацията на просто построени бяаоструктури с комплексон I I I в присъствие на сапогенат Т-130 в ултразвукова середа, под печат в Годишните научни трудове на ВМИ — Варна 2. Б е р г м а н , Л. Ультразвук и его применение в науке и технике. Изд. Иностр. лит., Москва, 1956. 3. Б р а ж н и к о в, Н. И. Ультразвуковьие методы. Год. изд. Энергия, 19 М, 1955 Л. 4. Г о р с к и й, Ф. Физический практикум. ИВШ, Минск, 1969. 5. К л е й т о н, В. Эмульсии. Изд. Итностр. Лит., Москва, 1950. 6. L i n d n e r, К. Textilhilfsmittel urnd Waschrohstoffe. Stuttgart, 1954. 7. S с h w а г t z, A. M., I . W. Р е г - Г у , I . В е г с h. Surface active agents, vol. 1 - 2 , N. Y . - L . , 1949-58. 8. S t u p e l , H. Synthetische Wash- und Reinigungsmittel. Stuttgart, 1954. The Effect of Sodium Pyrophosphate. 35 ВЛИЯНИЕ ПИРОФОСФАТА НАТРИЯ В НЕКОТОРЫХ СЛУЧАЯХ ДЕМИНЕРАЛИЗАЦИИ В л. Лесичков, Д. Митев Р Е З Ю М Е В работе изучено влияние пирофссфата натрия на поверхностное натяжение 0,1 М раствора комплексона I I I с 1%-ным сапогенатом Т-130 в целях улучшения деминерализующих свойств этого реагента. Было установлено, что добавка 0,5% Na 4P 2O 7.10 Н 2 0 вызывает сни­жение поверхностного натяжения 0,1 М раствор комплексона I I I с 1 %-ным сапогенатом Т-130 на 34,71% по сравнению с первоначальным. Поверх­ностное натяжение определяли методом продавливания пузырька. Деминерализационный эффект определяли в ультразвуковой среде с частотой ультразвука 800 кгц — 20% и интенсивностью 1 вт/см 2 на ра­ковинах Donax venustus, Gibula divaricata и Helix nemoralis. Авторы считают, что ионы пирофссфата благоприятствуют ком-лексообразованию, участвуя, по Есей версятнссти, в ссставе сложных одержащих фссфор хелаткомплексов кальция. Последние благоприят­ствуют пептизации солей, отделяемых с подвергшихся обработке поверх­ностей, способствуя таким образом расщеплению. 

THE EFFECT OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE IN CERTAIN CASES OF DEMORALIZATION

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THE EFFECT OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE IN CERTAIN CASES OF DEMORALIZATION

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