This study aimed to determine the reproductive mode and clonal diversity patterns of Daphnia pulicaria from four lakes in the Italian Alps

Bellati, Adriana

Dufresne, France

Tiberti, Rocco

Sémaphore

No sex for Daphnia in the Italian Alps…France Dufresne1, Adriana Bellati2, Rocco Tiberti2,31Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines G5L 3A1 Rimouski, Québec, Canada2DSTA, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9 27100, Pavia, Italy3Alpine Wildlife Research Centre, Parco Nazionale Gran Paradiso, Degioz 11, 11010 Valsavarenche, Aosta, ItalyUniversité duQuébec à RimouskiAcknowledgments: This work was supported by funds from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (CRSNG),le Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT) and le Centre d’Études Nordiques (CEN) and BIOAQUAEfor sampling in the GPNP. We would thank Silvia Markova for European specimens. Logistic support was provided by the Gran ParadisoNational Park within the framework of the LIFE+ project BIOAQUAE (Biodiversity Improvement of Aquatic Alpine Ecosystems,LIFE11BIOIT000020).References: Beaton MJ, Hebert PDN. (1988) Geographical Parthenogenesis and Polyploidy in Daphnia pulex. Am. Nat. Vol. 132(6): 837-845; Bellati A, Tiberti R et al (2014) A dark shell hiding great variability: A molecular insight into the evolution and conservation of melanicDaphnia populations in the Alps. Zool J Linnean Soc. 171(4). Dufresne F, Hebert PDN. (1994) Hybridization and the origins of polyploidy.Proc. Roy Soc. Ser. B. Vol. 258: 141-146; Dufresne F, Markova S, et al. Diversity in the Reproductive Modes of European Daphnia pulicariaDeviates from the Geographical Parthenogenesis. PLOs One 6(5); Lynch M, Seyferth A et al. (2008) Localization of the Genetic Determinantsof Meiosis Suppression in Daphnia pulex Genetics 180:317-327; Mergeay J, Aguilera X et al. (2008) The genetic legacy of polyploid BolivianDaphnia: the tropical Andes as a source for the North and South American D. pulicaria complex. Molecular Ecology17:1789–1800.DiscussionIt is most likely that Daphnia inhabiting the four lakes in the Western Alpsreproduce by obligate parthenogenesis as there is no clonal diversity and nomales were observed in laboratory cultures.Daphnia from GPNP had microsatellite genotypes that clustered in twodifferent clades in the NJ tree. These results are congruent with a previousmtDNA study that showed that Daphnia from Lake Nivolet, Lake Trebecchiinferiore and Lake Trebecchi superiore belong to the boreal clade ofEuropean D. pulicaria whereas those from Lake Lillet were geneticallydistinct and belong to the alpine clade of European D. pulicaria.The two clones were diploids as the other alpine clones of the High Tatramountains.How did transitions to obligate parthenogenesis occurred in thesepopulations?Preliminary results indicate that alleles that suppress meiosis in females butnot in males as in North American Daphnia likely involved (as in Lynch et al.2008).Future studies using genomic tools will help to better assess geneticrelationships among alpine and lowland populations of European D pulicaria.As well, gene expression studies comparing lowland and alpine populationsare needed to decipher local adaptations to life in high altitude environments.Since impacts of human-related activities and climate changes on mountainspecies are known to be dramatic, we pose strong issues for theconservation of these extremely localized taxa.Materials and methodsIntroductionDifferential distribution of asexual species at high altitudes and latitudes haslong been noted and coined geographical parthenogenesis. This pattern isthought to arise from the better colonization abilities of asexuals.Daphnia appear to comply with this as subarctic and arctic species typicallyreproduce by obligate parthenogenesis (Beaton & Hebert 1988, Dufresne &Hebert 1994). Some Daphnia populations from high altitudes are also knownto reproduce asexually i.e. those in the Bolivian Andes (Mergeay et al. 2008)and also those in the High Tatra mountains (Dufresne et al. 2011). Bycontrast, although also inhabiting alpine environments, D. pulicaria from thePyrenees reproduce primarily by cyclic parthenogenesis (Dufresne et al.2011), suggesting complex glaciation history may play a role in transitions toasexuality.This study aimed to determine the reproductive mode and clonal diversitypatterns of Daphnia pulicaria from four lakes in the Italian Alps.European D. pulicariaND5 tree of members of the Daphnia pulex complexLakeLilletHaplotype network based on ND5 sequences (Bellati et al. 2014)Lakes Trebecchi and Nivoletwere sampled in Gran Paradiso, National Park (GPNP, Western Alps) including LakeNivolet , Lake Trebecchi Inferiore, Lake Trebecchi Superiore, and Lake Lillet. The lakesare spatially very close to each other but belong to different river catchments: lake Lilletis situated in the Orco river basin, whereas the others three lakes are located within theDora di Savarenche river catchment. 24 individuals per lake genotyped at sixmicrosatellite loci (Dp183, Dp502, Dp512, Dp513, Dp514, Dp514alt). These genoypeswere added to a previous set of genotypes from other alpine and lowland Europeansites (Dufresne et al. 2011). Alleles were transformed into a presence/absence matrixand Cavalli-Sforza chord distances were obtained and a neighbor-joining treeconstructed using MEGA7. Estat3 Rimova RimovB Rimov4 Petch2 Tchez6 Tchez10 Tchez7 Tchez8 Tchez9 Metis Lillet NTSMA NTSMB Litv4 Litv5 Nivolet Tresup Tresinf ZK21 ZK22 Slapy SpainPc Chme1 Czarnywh Czarny CHMELICE2 Bohda0.05ResultsA single multilocus genotype among the 72 individualsgenotyped in Lakes Nivolet, Trebecchi Inferiore andTrebecchi Superiore! Another multilocus genotypeamong the 24 individuals from LilletFrom Lynch et al. 2008Four alpine lakes were sampled in Gran Paradiso,National Park (GPNP, Western Alps) including LakeNivolet, Lake Trebecchi Inferiore, Lake TrebecchiSuperiore, and Lake Lillet. The lakes are spatially veryclose to each other but belong to different rivercatchments: lake Lillet is situated in the Orco river basin,whereas the others three lakes are located within theDora di Savarenche river catchment. Four alpine lakes

No sex for Daphnia in the Italian Alps...

http://semaphore.uqar.ca/id/eprint/1723/1/France_Dufresne_et_al_decembre2018.pdf

No sex for Daphnia in the Italian Alps...

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Sémaphore