The Sharp-tailed Grouse has evolved a highly complex system of visual and acoustical signals due to increased social interactions necessary with the predator pressure of an exposed environment. The first portion of the spring mating season is primarily involved with establishment and defense of territories. Predominant acoustical signals are aggressive, highly ritualized, and involved in individual location and recognition. During mid-season females visit the lek, are courted by males, and copulations occur. Acoustical signals are concerned with attracting and stimulating females, vary on a time and frequency continuum, and are thus not as highly ritualized. During the last portion of the season activity tapers off and acoustical signals diminish
