Grace, Delia

Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan

Hung Nguyen-Viet

Huyen Le Thi Thanh

Nguyen Thanh Luong

Pham Van Hung

Phuc Pham-Duc

Sinh Dang-Xuan

Unger, Fred

CGSpace

Better lives through livestockFood safety performance in animal sourced food value chainsFred Unger1, Hung Nguyen-Viet1, Pham Duc Phuc2, Pham Van Hung3, Huyen Le Thi Thanh4, Xuan Dang Sinh1, Nguyen Thanh Luong2, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan2, Delia Grace11International Livestock Research Institute, Vietnam and Kenya, 2Hanoi University of Public Health, Vietnam; 3Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Vietnam; 4National Institute for Animal Science, Vietnam 21, 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE (Icon-VAS)‘THE ROLE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE TO COPE WITH PANDEMICS’20th October 2020, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Indonesia  Main campuses: Nairobi, Kenya and Addis Ababa, EthiopiaHanoi office (East and SE Asia region):- Food safety, one health & ASFInternational Livestock Redssearch Institute (ILRI) - Part of CG system with 15 research centres worldwide Reduce povertyImprove food and nutrition securityImprove natural resources and ecosystem servicesCGIAR COVID-19 Hub launched in Jun 20203Contents• Food safety - global • Food safety performance - Vietnam• Intervention example• Way forward (including COVID-19 & wet markets)Food safety – global perspectiveWHO’s report: Global estimates of foodborne diseases• 31 foodborne hazards causing diarrheal disease agents, invasive infectious disease agents, helminths and chemicals etc.• Estimated global burden these 31 hazards was 33 million DALYs– Comparable with burden from Malaria, HIV and TB• Almost 1 in 10 people fall ill every year from eating contaminated food and 420 000 die as a result• Highest burden observed for Africa (East and Central SH Region) followed by South East Asian (region II) http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/foodborne_disease/fergreport/en/Food safety Vietnam• Food systems are rapidly changing in many developing countries including Vietnam, 4-5 % grow of livestock sector• These changes are associated with more consumption of risky animal food• Pork is most important meat diet for Vietnamese (similar in Laos, Thailand and Cambodia)• Most of this is produced, slaughter and sold in traditional markets• Food safety has become an increasing concern (consumers & policymakers) • Concerns include contamination with chemical and microbiological hazards • Little information on the actual risks or how to manage them.• Vietnam has a modern food safety law, but challenges exist:• Limited resources for surveillance• Weak enforcement Food safety performance tool  Aim & pillars: Safety, scalability and societal concernsSafety: Core of the tool using a risk-based approach to provide robust assessments of food safety outcomes food commodity (e.g. pork).Sustainability and scalability assessment of the value chain. • Business performance (e.g. market share, expected trends, potential for change) and supply chain governance (e.g. trust and interventions). Societal concerns• supplementary to pillar 1 and 2  such as gender and equity, cultural norms etc. which may synergize or trade-off with food safety.A value chain may provide safe food but have little potential for scaling (e.g. niche products)  Aim: Allow rapid assessment of food safety outcomes in value chainsHow the tool was used    • Qualitative (focus group discussions, FGD, key informant interviews, KII) • > 500 KII and 12 FGD• Content: Business scale & trends, trust, governance, KAP, intervention (perception)• Farm to fork • Quantitative (biological sampling and observational checklist) using a probabilistic sampling design to ensure representativeness. • >700 samples collected across different pork value chains • Value chains (Sep 2018 – May 2019): Traditional/wet market (all sites)Street food, Hanoi Canteens, Hanoi „Boutique“ food chains, niche but emerging, HanoiSupermarket/ convienient stores, HanoiNative pigs, Hoa Binh, „safe by nature“*Photo credit: Chi N/ILRI and BacTom 20188Key resultsSafety:  Poor food safety outcomes across all retail types Value chain actors incorrectly perceive chemical hazards as more important than microbiological Poor hygiene was blamed as the main reason leading to foodborne disease, but this perception wasn’t necessarily translated into better practice9Key resultsScalability/sustainability:  Business of pork value chain slowly recovers from ASF, rather minor affect of COVID-19 Overall trust levels on food safety decrease from rural to urban areas Trust was lowest with social media and highest with TV and local radio Traditional markets and slaughter will continue to provide most pork and should continue to be a focus10Key resultsSocietal norms:  Women seem more cautious about chemical residues in pork/food than men. Women also worry more about foodborne disease more frequently than men. Man more in favour of purely technical interventions than woman Chosen value chains for intervention based on results from FS performance:✓ Small-scale traditional sector✓ Indigenous pork value chainINTERVENTIONDevelopment of Instructions & Training materialsChange of workflow (clean/dirty) Posters to support behavior changeAvoid floor slaughter • Marked decrease of coliforms; investment 100 -1500 USD• COVID-19 concerns help to convince butchers and retailers to use disinfectant Food safety intervention at slaughter - example *Photo credit: Sinh DX/Chi N ILRI 202012Way forward:  ✓ Scaling of interventions including cost benefits and policy support at slaughter (on-going) but also retail (re-designed) & farm (on-going) ✓ Risk communication (all VC actors)  (Nov 20)✓ Research on COVID-19 and retail (traditional)➢ COVID-19 Impact & concerns e.g. to support practice change in retailers (on-going)➢ Understanding harms and benefits of formal and informal markets across a range of criteria: health, nutrition, livelihoods, accessibility➢ Understanding health risk from those markets (opposed to presence of hazards)➢ Identification of risk mitigating, scalability and practices at theseTerima KasihVideo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CZVyxCG8ZkResearch briefs: https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/108320; https://hdl.handle.net/10568/108768; https://hdl.handle.net/10568/108769Reports: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/vietnam/publication/food-safety-risk-management-in-vietnam-challenges-and-opportunitiesCGIAR COVID-19 Hub: http://a4nh.cgiar.org/covidhub/Hand disinfection liquidInstalled gridVietnam 48th day without community COVID-19 cases! 11-25 Sep strict quarantine Disinfection liquid*Photo credit: Sinh DX/Chi Nguyen/Unger ILRI 2020

Food safety performance in animal-source food value chains

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Food safety performance in animal-source food value chains

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