To "Err" is Human: The Nature of Phonological "Errors" in Language Development

Abstract

In children, two types of phonological U errors" may occur: slips of the tongue\ud and pathological speech. A slip of the tongue is considered a normal, nonsystematic\ud U error", whereas a series of consistent speech U errors" is labeled as a\ud speech pathology. Both types of U errors" follow phonotactic constraints defined\ud by the target grammar, and may result in substitutions and omissions of sounds\ud in conversation. They differ traditionally in two key ways: (1) while slips are\ud unique utterances that generally occur only once, the disfluencies are consistent\ud in a pathology, and (2) the speaker is able to notice and correct their error when\ud they make a slip, but it is not the case in a speech pathology. Relevant research to\ud both types of U errors" will be presented for comparison purposes, and theoretical\ud explanations will be offered. I will propose that a deficit in self-monitoring exists\ud in those with disordered phonology, in order to explain why U errors" repeat

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