The interest in traditional knowledge (TK) and its importance as a source for innovation in science and medicine have been rising and so have conflicts around it. In this article, the policies on TK of India and China are reviewed and analysed. While India put emphasis on preventing the unauthorized use of its TK, China is mainly concerned about integrating its TK into modern Western science. China’s economy and research facilities are growing at a faster pace and TK policy is centred on traditional Chinese medicine. In turn, India has a great variety of equally important TK traditions, which are more vulnerable to misappropriation thus explaining the differences between the two countries’ policies
