Wind energy is a clean, eco-friendly, renewable resource and is non-polluting. Wind is an indirect manifestation of solar energy and hence we can say that wind energy is a form of solar energy, about 1 to 2 % of the energy coming from the sun is converted into wind energy. Generation of air currents is a direct effect of the combination of two phenomenons, Circulation of hot air and Earth rotation. Accordingly winds are broadly, local winds and planetary winds. China and U.S. are the two top countries ofhaving highest capacityinstallations of wind power plant. India is one of the blessed countries having an estimated gross potential of 45,000MW power from the wind and is fifth largest installed wind power capacity in the world.This paper studies, analyzes and identifies the windy potential sites in one ofIndian Frontier Stateof Arunachal Pradesh and the papercould successfully be able to assess wind resources and identify the windy potential sites like Sela andLikabali in the state for setting up small wind power plant thereof

Blange, Radak

English

Assam Don Bosco University Journals

 ADBU-Journal of Engineering Technology  Blange, AJET, ISSN: 2348-7305, Volume 6, Issue 3 December, 2017, 006031209 (7PP) 1   Identifying the windy sites in Arunachal Pradesh and feasibility of installing small wind power plant thereof.  Radak Blange  North Eastern Regional Institute of Science & Technology(NERIST)  Nirjuli,Itanagar – 791109,Arunachal Pradesh, INDIA. radakblange@gmailCom  Abstract:Wind energy is a clean, eco-friendly, renewable resource and is non-polluting. Wind is an indirect manifestation of solar energy and hence we can say that wind energy is a form of solar energy, about 1 to 2 % of the energy coming from the sun is converted into wind energy. Generation of air currents is a direct effect of the combination of two phenomenons, Circulation of hot air and Earth rotation. Accordingly winds are broadly, local winds and planetary winds. China and U.S. are the two top countries ofhaving highest capacityinstallations of wind power plant.   India is one of the blessed countries having an estimated gross potential of 45,000MW power from the wind and is fifth largest installed wind power capacity in the world. This paper studies, analyzes and identifies the windy potential sites in one ofIndian Frontier Stateof Arunachal Pradesh and the papercould successfully be able to assess wind resources and identify the windy potential sites like Sela andLikabali in the state for setting up small wind power plant thereof. Keywords: Anemometer, data logger, m.a.s.l. (metre above sea level).   (Article History: Received: 24th September 2017 and Accepted: 25th December 2017)  1. Introduction  Even today fossil fuels are the main source of power for most of the developing nations-India too being not an exception; oil and coal which form the back bone of the modern society are non-renewable destined to get exhausted someday [1].Apart from that, combustion of fossil fuels releases various types of pollutants in the atmosphere. Continuous burning of fossil fuels at a very large scale has led us to yet another very serious environmental threat. If the trend is not checked by 2100 the average temperature around the globe will rise by 1-3.5 degree Celsius, which will cause a dreadful upsurge in the sea water levels drowning all lands at low elevation along the coastal lines[2].      Considering the above unwholesome factors, scientists and environmentalists all over the world, for the last few decades, have been stressing upon developing more and more ways to generate power from harmless renewable sources. Wind and Solar power system are the prominent renewable source for power generation [3]. Solar based PV energy is the prime source of renewable energy resources on the earth [4].Wind energy  is one of the most promising  renewable sources of energy, delivers clean energy, which the entire world is looking at today[5-6]. India is one of the blessed countries, where according to a latest survey report by the ministry of non-conventional energy resources, India,we have an estimated gross potential of more than 102772MW power from wind[7].  1.1 Wind  Power And  Energy Contents on Hills.  The fundamental principles that govern the operation and performance of modern wind turbines from the formula for kinetic energy and the mass of air moving air through unit area,  The power in the wind in watts is therefore;      P  = ½ ρ A V3 watts.                                   (1)       Where „ρ‟ is the   density of air in Kg/m3(≈ 1.225kg/m3) „A‟ the area intercepting the wind in  m2, and „V‟ the wind velocity  in m/s. The expression gives the total power available in the wind.Also Wind power density, WPD  = ½ ρV3  W/m2. The maximum power that can be extracted from wind stream is 16/17 or 0.593 WPD(by Betz Limit effect).  The physical features of the landscape modify the wind pattern drastically. In complex terrain, the study of special features of the land i.e. geomorphology, plays an important role in estimation of wind potential. Certain terrain features such as passes, saddle, gaps, canyon, gorges etc. produce enhanced  ADBU-Journal of Engineering Technology  Blange, AJET, ISSN: 2348-7305, Volume 6, Issue 3 December, 2017, 006031209 (7PP) 2   wind speed as they tend to channelize winds and become ideal sites for wind power generation. 2. Global Scenario of Wind Energy Many countries promote the wind-power technology by national program and market incentives. In 2010, China overtook US to become the biggest producer of wind power. Here is a list of the top ten wind power countries. The Latest Countries wise total Installed Wind Power Capacity of the Top 10  Countries in Megawatt(Upto end of 2014)[8-9-10]. • China                                               145362 • US                                                    74471 • Germany                                          44947 • India                                                 25088 • Spain                                                 23025 • United Kingdom                              13603 • Canada                                            11205 • France                                            10358 • Italy                                                8663 • Brazil                                             5939    3. Wind Energy Resource in India. India is one of the blessed countries, where according to a latest survey data available in Sourcesis the fourth largest  installed wind power capacity  in the world[10].We have an estimated gross wind  potential of 102772MW[7].According to a latest survey report by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy(MNRE), India[7,11-13].,State wiseGross Wind Potential(GWP)Vs installed capacity(IC), upto 31-3-2016 are shown both in Table-I and Figure.1  Table-I: State wiseGross Wind Potentialand installed capacity,upto 31-3-2016  S.No  States Gross potential (MW) Installed Capacity  (MW) 1 Gujarat 35071 4030.65 2 Andhra Pradesh  14497 1393.5 3 Karnataka 13593 2878.3 4 Madhya Pradesh 5500 2171.9 5 Rajasthan 5050 2994.9 6 Maharashtra  5961 4437 7 Tamil Nadu 14152 7652.15 8 Orissa 1384 42.0 9 Kerala 875 434 10 Telangana - 77.7 11 West Bengal 22 1.1 12 Arunachal Pradesh 236  13 Others  states  11381 3.2  Total 102772 25116.4  Figure 1: Installed Capacity of Wind Power in the Indian states  4. Wind Power Potential Sites in Arunachal Pradesh. The state of Arunachal Pradesh has windy sites which on the basis of altitude in metre above sea level(m.a.s.l) are broadly classified into three types  namlyElevated sites, Valley Floor sites and  Down-slope sites[14] a) Elevated sites.: The elevated peaks helps in getting an access into upper winds.The elevations in Arunachal Pradesh are found to vary as low as  2000 m.a.s.l as high as northern side with the Tibet border 4180 m.a.s.l. Few Sites are SelaPass,Tawangdistrict,Raga in Lower Subansiridistrict,Laju in Changlang district and Hayuliang in Lohit district. b) Valleys floors sites:The valley floors sites helps in getting an access into plateau or slope winds.The elevations in Arunachal Pradesh are found to vary as low as 800 m.a.s.l as high as 1950 m.a.s.l sites Few sites are Mechuka in West Siang district,.Rupa in West Kameng and Shimong(Yangkiong) in Upper Siang district. c) Down-Slope Sites: The sites help in getting an access into downland and adjoin slopes of the mountains The elevations in Arunachal Pradesh are found to vary as low as 100 m.a.s.l and as high as 750 m.a.s.l sites are Pasighat in East Siang district and Likabali in West Siang district.  5. Intensive Survey and  data Collection at Windy Locations. Extensive site surveys were carried out in many locations in Arunachal Pradesh to access presence of wind pattern and thereby identifying the wind potential sites in Arunachal Pradesh. In the state of Arunachal Pradesh, it is found that wind patterns prevailing in it is purely local winds. Because the  ADBU-Journal of Engineering Technology  Blange, AJET, ISSN: 2348-7305, Volume 6, Issue 3 December, 2017, 006031209 (7PP) 3   hilly regions generally offer good local wind potential as the physical features of the landscape modify the wind pattern drastically. With the help of Arunachal Pradesh Energy Development Agency(APEDA) and C-WET Chennai,four windy sites have been   extensively studied one being at elevated site i.e.,Sela and Raga, Other at valley floors windy site i.e.,Simong and third one being at down slope windy sites. i.e at  Likabali and summary of wind  datas are provided  below.The  wind speed or wind data on hourly, monthly and annual average wind speed basis have been recorded in the following tables              After thorough investigation, four  local wind potential sites  in the state of Arunachal Pradesh vizSela in Tawang,Raga in Lower Subansiri,Likabali in West Siang and Simong in Upper Siang have been identified and suitably recommend thereof installing small electric generating unit for harnessing locally wind energy available in the state for catering the electricity need of nearby rural mass. The details  set up for wind measurement[15] is shown below in Figure.2   Figure 2: Set up for wind measurements anemometer, wind vane, digital data logger and mounting mast height.  6. Data Collection And Processing The  data stored by the data logger which is in binary format and the storage device could be a non-volatile device where by the ability to store data is not affected by loss of system power. At site data was stored in an EPROM or EEPROM or Flash card. These were  brought to a central place and processed through appropriate reader and software to give data in an ASCII format. Alternatively the data from the data logger  was  downloaded  into laptop at the site or send through the modem(remote transferring of data) to a central computer Centre. The data collected  needs to be processed either manually or through computer-based programmes. The validity of the data consists of  data screening and verification. This process will enable  one to make the data fit for analysis purpose. From the verified  data  the  parameters like  the average monthly wind speed, joint wind speed and direction distribution and wind speed frequency  distribution can be  assessed of the site  on monthly basis. 7. Initial Estimation cum  Designated  Wind power. Using 2 30.20 .P D V Watt for  wind power, the following sites have wind power potential of few kW(taking say the diameter of Wind blade as 6m). (i)Designed Wind Power at Sela, 2 30.2(6) (4.6) 700.8P W   (ii) Designed Wind Power at Likabali, 2 30.2(6) (2.9) 175.6P W   (iii) Designated Wind Power at Raga 2 30.2(6) (1.8) 42P W   (iv) Designated Wind Power at Simong 2 30.2(6) (1) 7.2P W    8. Analysis of Results The characteristics curves showing the  mean hourly  wind speed, monthly  wind speed and annual wind speed of  four windy sites in the state of Arunachal Pradesh have drawn. Graphs showing the comparative study among the four wind sites have also been prepared.The graph of  monthly mean wind speed of four locations are provided in Fig.3 below. From the graph it is observed that wind speed of two location namely, Raga &Simong are very low  and the sites are not feasible for future installation of small plants at Raga &Simong.However, Sela and Likabali sites have enough annual average wind speed and are feasible for installation of small wind power plant overthere. The details of these two sites are provided from Fig.6 to Fig.32 respectively.   Figure 3: Mean  wind speeds at four locations.  ADBU-Journal of Engineering Technology  Blange, AJET, ISSN: 2348-7305, Volume 6, Issue 3 December, 2017, 006031209 (7PP) 4    Figure 4: The average wind speed at Simong Observation :Simong, Upper Siang District Measured  wind speed : 1m/s, P = 7.2 Watts.   Figure 5: The average wind speed at Raga Observation :Raga, Lower Subansiri district Measured  wind speed : 1.8 m/s, P =  41.99 Watts.  Graphs: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for all months of year at LIKABALI are given from Fig 6 to Fig.17 respectively  Figure 6: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for January  Figure 7: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for February.  Figure 8: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for  March  Figure 9: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for April  Figure 10: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for May  Figure 11: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for June.  Figure12: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for July.  Figure 13: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for August.  ADBU-Journal of Engineering Technology  Blange, AJET, ISSN: 2348-7305, Volume 6, Issue 3 December, 2017, 006031209 (7PP) 5    Figure14: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for September.  Figure 15: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for October Figure 16: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for  November  Figure 17: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for December  Figure 18: Annual average  Wind Speed at Likabali Observation :Likabali,West Siang District Measured  wind speed : 2.9 m/s, P =  175.6 Watts. Graphs: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for all months of year at Sela are given from Fig.19 to Figure 30 respectively  Figure 19: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for January  Figure 20: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for Februray  Figure21: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for March  Figure 22: Mean Hourly Wind Speed forApril  ADBU-Journal of Engineering Technology  Blange, AJET, ISSN: 2348-7305, Volume 6, Issue 3 December, 2017, 006031209 (7PP) 6    Figure 23: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for May  Figure 24: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for June  Figure 25: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for July  Figure 26: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for August  Figure 27: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for September Figure 28: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for October Figure 29: Mean Hourly Wind Speed for December   Figure 30: Annual average  Wind Speed at Sela Observation:Sela ,Tawang  District Measured wind speed:4.6 m/s,P= 700.8 Watts,  ADBU-Journal of Engineering Technology  Blange, AJET, ISSN: 2348-7305, Volume 6, Issue 3 December, 2017, 006031209 (7PP) 7    Figure 31: Annual average Wind speed of four Locations   Figure 32: Designtaed Wind Power potential at four locations From the above  graph it is seen that Sela and Likabali are the two best windy sites having  enough wind power potentials  for installation of small wind power plants thereof  9. Conclusion Analysis and identification of windy potential sites in the state of Arunachal Pradesh have been carried out. It  could successfully be able to assess wind resources and identify the windy potential sites  in Arunachal Pradesh. Out of four station namely, Raga,Simong,likabali and Sela,it is seen that Sela and Likabali are the two best windy sites having  enough wind power potentials  for installation of small wind power plants thereof.This study of  windy sites and its wind data collected  indicates a lot of information  about the wind power potentials sites in the state which  may be immensely  useful for installation of small wind power plant in the above locations in future.    References [1].  D.S Chouhan & S.Srivastava,” Non-conventional  EnergyResources”New Age International  Publishers. [2].  Steven C Sherwood, Sandrine Bony & Jean LouisDufresne, “Spread in model climate  sensitivity traced to atmospheric convectivemixing”Nature-the International weekly journal of Science [3]. Mukund R.Patel,  Wind  and Solar power system,  [4]. Faranda, R., Leva,S.:”energy comparison of MPPT techniques for  PVystems‟WSEAStrans.power syst.,2008,3.pp.446-455. [5].  Bhadra, S.N, Kastha,D & Banerjee, S.   “ Wind Electrical Systems “ ,Oxford University Press  [6]. BJagatUpadhyaya. “Wind Power – The Renewable Source of Energy “ [7] Annual Report 2016-2017 of Ministry of New and Renewable Energy(MNRE),Govt. of India [8]. Wind Resource Assessment Handbook,1997,National renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,USA [9]. RENEWABLE ENERGY – Wind power‟s contribution   to E lectric Power  Generation        and Impact on Farms and Rural Communities published by US Govt. Account         Office,September,2004  [10]  Reve  Wind Energy and  Electric Vehicles-8 countires that produces the most wind energy in the world as on 23rd  June‟2016 [11]. SomyaTiwari,Dr.VilasWaudkar “Wind Energy: Current Status and prospect in India Contexts”International Journal of Advance  Research in Science and Engineering Vol-4,Issue-11, November‟2015. [12]. Wind Energy data for India, Anna Mani and D.A Mooley,1983 Allied  publishers,New Delhi [13].  Wind Energy Resuorce Survey for India Vol 1-IV.1990 to 1999 by Allied  publishers,New Delhi [14]. Tiwari S.K “Special Search for windy sites in Arunachal Pradesh “ [15]. Training on Handling of Wind Measuring Instruments O & M of Wind Monitoring Stations for states nodal agencies of NER by Wind Resource Assessment unit of  C-WET, Chennai  on 9th  to12th January,2006) 

Identifying the windy sites in Arunachal Pradesh and feasibility of installing small wind power plant thereof

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Identifying the windy sites in Arunachal Pradesh and feasibility of installing small wind power plant thereof

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