“All around the world the demand for water is increasing, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, including Iraq which subject to continuous desertification that is worsening, more importantly the Jezira region in northwestern Iraq. Thus, it’s crucial to have a better strategy for water management. One of these strategies is to promote groundwater recharge for restoring the aquifer depletion. The successful groundwater recharge is limited by some potential data such as the annual water budge and precipitation measurements. The atomospheric and hydrological observations are limited by sparse population which tends to be less in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, an alternative to the ground measurement of rainfall is needed. Satellite-based measurements limit the restriction of ground station. However, the satellite products have significant uncertainty. Therefore, seven precipitation estimates have tested against rain gauges in Orange County and Los Angeles County, California. In order to establish a water management strategy in Jezira region, annual water budget should be known, which could be measure through observational discharge station. Unfortunately, only few months of discharge was measured manually in the north Jezira, which Hatra subwatershed. Computer model was used to recover the streamflow measurement. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was great candidate to overcome the problem. The observational data of stream discharge was used to calibrate the model. In conclusion, water management is possible in ungauged arid and semi-arid regions by using remote sensing data and computer modeling”--Abstract, page iv
