Puffenbarger, Robyn

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Bridgewater College Digital Commons

Bridgewater College BC Digital Commons Genetics Fall 2020 Department of Biology Fall 2020 Genetics Fall 2020 Infographics Robyn Puffenbarger rpuffenb@bridgewater.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bridgewater.edu/genetics_fall_2020  Part of the Genetics Commons Recommended Citation Puffenbarger, Robyn, "Genetics Fall 2020 Infographics" (2020). Genetics Fall 2020. 1. https://digitalcommons.bridgewater.edu/genetics_fall_2020/1 This Class Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at BC Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genetics Fall 2020 by an authorized administrator of BC Digital Commons. For more information, please contact rlowe@bridgewater.edu. Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing & AncestryCan SNPs determine genealogy? SNPs can be used to determine how closely  related you are tosomeone based on the number of SNPs you share! The moreyou have in common, the more closely related you are. Over 99% of the human genome is identical betweenindividuals, so SNPs allow researchers to study thedifferences that are apparent amongst people. How many SNPs are there? SNPs occur once every 300 nucleotides. There areapproximately 3 billion nucleotides in an individual's genome,so an individual has approximately 10 million SNPs. What is Direct-to-Consumer GeneticTesting? DTCGT is a genetic test that can be completedat home, without the help of a healthcareprovider. DNA is collected at home and sent toa lab foranalysis.Steps:Purchase a test Collect the sampleAnalyze the sampleReceive the resultsWhat are SNPs? SNPs (pronounced "snips") are copying errorsthat occur during DNA replication. Sometimes,when a cell copies its DNA, it makes mistakes.This leads to variations in the DNA sequence atparticular locations, similar to mutations. SNPsgenerate biological variation between peoplewhich can influence different traits such as:appearance, susceptibility to disease, or drugresponse. SNPs are inherited from yourparents.How does DTCGT work?These tests use single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in order to find variation in a person's traits,find common ancestors, as well as calculate geneticrisks. The figure above is a visual representation of aDNA sequence made up of the four nucleotidebases: A, T, G, and C. How is DTCGT related to ancestry?The figure above is an example of ancestryresults from 23AndMe.  The lab receives the DNA sample you sent in,and then sequences only a small part of yourDNA sequence to detect variations. Thesevariations are what make you unique as wellas predict your ethnicity and ancestry. How do SNPs help determine your ancestry? Some SNPs are known as "ancestry-informativemarkers" (AIMs). These markers are found withinparticular DNA sequences and appear in varyingfrequencies among populations from differentparts of the world. In DTCGT, the amount of AIMsan individual has are counted and compared, andan  ancestry prediction is given to the consumer.  

Genetics Fall 2020 Infographics

https://digitalcommons.bridgewater.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&amp;context=genetics_fall_2020

Genetics Fall 2020 Infographics

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