Physical exercise and the brain

Abstract

The concept of physical exercise being inexplicably linked to the healthy mind predates modern medicine itself. The great philosopher Socrates (470–399 B.C.) often spoke of the overarching benefits of physical activity, saying, “Surely a person of sense would submit to anything, like exercise, so as to obtain a well-functioning mind and a pleasant, happy life” (www.hiddendominion.com/socrates-quotes-on-physical-fitness). The Buddha (563–483 B.C.) also saw the cognitive importance of physical fitness, famously saying, “To keep the body in good health is a duty; otherwise we shall not be able to keep our mind strong and clear” (Lu and Ahmed 2010, p. 378). Contemporary great thinkers have further speculated on this mind-body connection, with perhaps the most specific quote coming from President John F. Kennedy: “Physical fitness is not only the key to a healthy body; it is also the basis of dynamic and creative intellectual activity” (Kotecki 2011, p. 210)