This article will discuss a shift taking place within the Chinese environmental movement. The work of Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations, the established face of the movement, has been characterized by efforts to work within the constraints set by the government. The emergence of directly confrontational protests led by members of the middle class represents a shift in the movement as a whole. These protests have emerged as the result of the growing level of middle class environmental consciousness and the government’s inadequate response to environmental problems. This is reflected in citizens’ frustration over the lack of government transparency and public consultation. While protests can be perceived as a threat to the careful organization and methodical strategies of ENGOs, both have a role to play in the fight against China’s pollution and environmental degradation
