Newtonian mechanics has the concept of an absolute inertial rest frame.
Special relativity eliminates the absolute rest frame but continues to require
the absolute inertial frame. General relativity solves this for gravity by
requiring particles to have locally inertial frames on a curved position-time
manifold. The problem of the absolute inertial frame for other forces remains.
We look again at the transformations of frames on an extended phase space with
position, time, energy and momentum degrees of freedom. Under nonrelativistic
assumptions, there is an invariant symplectic metric and a line element dt^2.
Under special relativistic assumptions the symplectic metric continues to be
invariant but the line elements are now -dt^2+dq^2/c^2 and dp^2-de^2/c^2. Max
Born conjectured that the line element should be generalized to the pseudo-
orthogonal metric -dt^2+dq^2/c^2+ (1/b^2)(dp^2-de^2/c^2). The group leaving
these two metrics invariant is the pseudo-unitary group of transformations
between noninertial frames. We show that these transformations eliminate the
need for an absolute inertial frame by making forces relative and bounded by b
and so embodies a relativity that is 'reciprocal' in the sense of Born. The
inhomogeneous version of this group is naturally the semidirect product of the
pseudo-unitary group with the nonabelian Heisenberg group. This is the
quaplectic group. The Heisenberg group itself is the semidirect product of two
translation groups. This provides the noncommutative properties of position and
momentum and also time and energy that are required for the quantum mechanics
that results from considering the unitary representations of the quaplectic
group.Comment: Substantial revision, Publicon LaTe