The aim of this research was to understand the risk factors associated with self-reported proactive violence and victimization among Kosovo high school students. Data was obtained from 4709 high school students (15-16 years old) from Kosovo that participated in the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). This study followed standardized methodology, sampling, administration and ethical requirements as those of the ESPAD survey which ensures comparability across European countries. Results from this study support findings from other studies that males had a significantly higher average ran
