U istraživanju su praćeni parametri kvaliteta sperme mužjaka kalifornijske pastrmke (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kojima je istiskivan mleč u januaru, februaru i martu. Rezultati nisu pokazali značajnu razliku u vrednostima koncentracije i gustine spermatozoida, pH, zapremine i spermatokrita mleča, kao i trajanje pokretljivosti spermatozoida ispitivanih muških matica (P>0.05). Statistički značajna razlika utvrđena je za vrednosti pokretljivosti spermatozoida u različitim periodima (P<0.05). Utvrđeno je opadanje svih parametara kvaliteta od januara do marta

Bayir, Ismail

Ozgur, Mustafa Erkan

English

CaSA NaRA

VI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “WATER & FISH” - ZBORNIK PREDAVANJA   255THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT STRIPPING TERMS ON SPERM QUALITY PARAMETERS OF RAINBOW TROUT (oncorHYncHuS MYKiSS)MUSTAFA ERKAN ÖZGüR1, İSMAIL BAYIR21İnönü University, Sürgü Vocational High School, Fishery Program, Malatya, Turkey, mustafa.ozgur@inonu.edu.tr2Erzincan University, Kemaliye Hacı Ali Akın Vocational School, Erzincan, TurkeyUTICAJ PERIODA ISTISKIVANJA MLEČA NA PARAMETRE KVALITETA SPERME KALIFORNIJSKE PASTRMKE (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS)ApstraktU istraživanju su praćeni parametri kvaliteta sperme mužjaka kalifornijske pastrmke (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kojima je istiskivan mleč u januaru, februaru i martu. Rezultati nisu pokazali značajnu razliku u vrednostima koncentracije i gustine spermatozoida, pH, zapremine i spermatokrita mleča, kao i trajanje pokretljivosti spermatozoida ispiti-vanih muških matica (P>0.05). Statistički značajna razlika utvrđena je za vrednosti po-kretljivosti spermatozoida u različitim periodima (P<0.05). Utvrđeno je opadanje svih parametara kvaliteta od januara do marta.Ključne reči: parametri kvaliteta sperme, kalifornijska pastrmka, TurskaKeywords: Sperm quality parameters, rainbow trout, TurkeyINTRODUCTIONThe use of high quality gametes is of great importance for ensuring the production of viable larvae, but gamete quality is difficult to assess in a quantitative and meaningful manner (Kjorsvik et al., 1990). It is very important to control and examine performances of broodstocks in hatchery stations of fish farms for their quality and productivity of gametes will enter into aquaculture systems. The determining quality of sperm is nece-ssary to define its quality. Motility, duration of motility and density of active spermato-zoa, pH, spermatocrit and seminal plasma contents of sperm has been used to determine quality of sperm (Billard  and Cosson, 1986; Linhart et al., 1991). It determined that re-production performance has been affected on level of stocking, quality, amount and rate 256 VI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “WATER & FISH” - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGSof feeding, quality of physicochemical parameters of water, method of spawning and stripping, age and size of salmonid broodstocks (Büyükhatipoğlu and Holtz, 1984).The objectives of this research were (1) to assess of effects by different term strip-ping on sperm quality parameters, (2) to determine reproduction performance of male broodstocks in a trout farm. MATERIALS AND METHODSSperm samples were obtained during 2010 spawning seasons from broodstock supplied at Fishery Department in Erzincan University, Kemaliye Hacı Ali Akın Vo-cational High School in Turkey. The mean weight and total length of the fish was 3156.64±434.32 kg and 61.00±2.45 cm, respectively. For this research, 15 mature males took out and stocked into 500-L fiberglass tank at reproduction term in this farm. Tank was supplied with a constant flow of well water. Fish for experiment adapted in this tank for 2 weeks. Feeding stopped 2 days before stripping. Water temperature (oC), dissolved oxygen (DO) (mg-L) and pH were measured in ponds daily (APHA, 1985). Stripping was performed by massage from the front to back of the fish abdomen. Freshly stri-pped milt was stored on ice in 30-ml plastic containers until used. A total of 10 usable milt samples were collected from 10 males in January (A) (14.01.2010), February (B) (17.02.2010) and March (C) (14.03.2010). Sperm concentration was measured through a spectrophotometric method after di-lution (2μl sperm:1998μl NaCl, 0.7%) by 605 nm (Ciereszko and Dabrowski, 1993). Sperm was sampled into 50-ml calibrated glass tubes and the volume was expressed as ml. Sperm pH was measured using standard pH-electrodes. Spermatocrit was determined using milt collected into microhaematocrit tubes without heparin (75 mm length, 1.1–1.2 mm inner diameter) and centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 5 minutes. Motility was evaluated at 400X magnification. The sperm motility duration was taken as the time at which 50% of the activated spermatozoa ceased movement. This was obtained using a stop-watch. This procedure was repeated tree times for each of males (Viveiros et al., 2003).In statistics, ANOVA (with Duncan) was used to determine the significance of the observed all data by SPSS 15 software. Statistical difference was indicated when the p value was less than 0.05. RESULTSSperm quality parameters in Rainbow trout in different stripping terms (January-A, February-B and March-C) have been showed in Table 2 in this study. It determined density, motility, duration of motile in spermatozoa and pH, spermatocrit and volume in sperm for each fish species. In the study, water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH values were measured daily. Throughout the research period, water temperature was 10±0.1oC, pH 7.3±0.2 and DO recorded as 9.5±0.31 mg/L. During the experimental period, water temperature, pH and DO values did not show much variations and this difference was identified statistically (p>0.05) as insignificant. All our results showed that were up and down value in volume of sperm, slightly decrease in pH, duration of motility, spermatocrit and density of spermatozoa but distinctly decrease in motility of spermatozoa at post stripping in this study.Motility of spermatozoa was significantly (p<0.05) lower in C than A and B but was not significant (p>0.05) in all other parameters for stripping terms (Table 2-3, Fig.1).VI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “WATER & FISH” - ZBORNIK PREDAVANJA   257Table 1. ANOVA test for sperm quality parameters between different stripping terms  Sum of Squares Mean Square F Sig.Sperm Volume (ml) Between Groups 1931.258 965.629 1.838 0.177 Within Groups 15232.617 525.263   pH Between Groups 0.247 0.124 1.305 0.287 Within Groups 2.745 0.095   Motility (%) Between Groups 21.169 10.584 14.735 0.000* Within Groups 20.831 0.718   Duration (sec) Between Groups 201.241 100.621 1.226 0.308 Within Groups 2381.023 82.104   Spermatocrit Between Groups 148.728 74.364 1.445 0.252 Within Groups 1492.072 51.451   Density of Spermatozoa (x 109/ml)Between Groups 7.510 3.755 0.276 0.761 Within Groups 394.482 13.603   * Significant difference as statistically, p<0.05Error Bars show 95,0% Cl of MeanBars show MeansJanuary February MarchStripping Terms1,002,003,004,005,00Motility] ]]80%; 5+ =Motile SpermatozaoFigure 1. The values of motility of spermatozoa between different stripping terms258 VI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “WATER & FISH” - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGSTable 2. Descriptive Statistics of sperm quality parameters between different strip-ping terms N Mean±Std.Dev. 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Min. Max.Lower BoundUpper BoundSperm Volume (ml)A 10 29.79±20.57a 17.91 41.66 9.00 79.00B 10 46.64±21.61a 32.12 61.16 11.00 70.00C 10 31.43±29.04a 4.57 58.29 5.00 87.00pHA 10 7.36±0.21a 7.23 7.48 7.00 7.75B 10 7.45±0.15a 7.35 7.56 7.00 7.50C 10 7.21±0.57a 6.69 7.74 6.50 8.00MotilityA 10 4.71±0.47b 4.44 4.98 4.00 5.00B 10 4.64±0.67b 4.18 5.09 3.00 5.00C 10 2.71±1.50a 1.33 4.10 1.00 5.00SpermatozoaDuration (second)A 10 27.08±5.19 a 24.08 30.07 20.32 42.02B 10 25.27±4.11 a 22.51 28.03 20.24 33.05C 10 20.53±17.62 a 4.23 36.82 5.20 58.58Spermatocrit (%)A 10 25.02±9.09 a 19.77 30.27 8.70 37.50B 10 20.88±4.03 a 18.18 23.59 13.70 27.01C 10 26.02±6.53 a 19.98 32.05 18.52 35.29Spermatozoa Density (x 109/ml)A 10 9.86±3.18 a 8.03 11.70 3.78 13.16B 10 10.44±2.07 a 9.05 11.83 6.49 13.50C 10 9.12±6.06 a 3.51 14.72 1.08 18.00Fish Weight (g) 15 3156.64±434.32 2591 3852Fish Length (cm) 15 61.00±2.45 56.00 65.00DISCUSSIONDensity of spermatozoa, motility and duration of motility are the most commonly used parameters to evaluate sperm quality. From comparison between species, sperm production can be expressed in 109 sperm per g body weight: it was 7 for rainbow trout, 4 for carp, 2.7 for guppy, 0.6 for pike and 0.1 for Leporinus. Measurements of beat frequency on three species show that the duration of motility is very short in trout (20-25s) and lasts slightly longer than 1 min in carp and halibut. The beat frequency of the majority of sperm declines progressively within 20-25s (trout) and 80-90s (carp) (Billard et al., 1995). In this study, the determined density of spermatozoa was 9.86(A), 10.44(B) and 9.12(C) x109 per/ml and duration of motility was 27.08(A), 25.27(B) and 20.53(C) se-cond, respectively. Density of spermatozoa obtained in this study are close to the results reported by Billard et al. (1995), for rainbow trout. . Other authors reported for rainbow trout a density of spermatozoa 11.8 (Ciereszko and Dabrowski, 1993), 8.9 (Geffen and Evans, 2000); for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, 3.5 (Aas et al., 1991), 12 (Truscott and Idler, 1969). Several studies have mentioned that the differences in sperm production could be related to many factors including the age and weight of the male, ecology and spawning behavior of broodstock and sampling period and method (Piironen and Hyva-rinen, 1983; Suquet et al., 1994, Suquet et al., 1998). Volume and pH of sperm were also VI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “WATER & FISH” - ZBORNIK PREDAVANJA   259investigated as 29.79(A), 46.64(B) and 31.43(C) ml and 7.36(A), 7.45(B) and 7.21(C), respectively. The data of volume of sperm in this study was highest in term B and inclu-ded to the normal standards for the sperm quality parameters which were reported by authors (Munkittrick and Moccia, 1987; Geffen and Evans, 2000).Variation in sperm quality across the spawning season has been previously reported for a number of freshwater and marine fishes (Billard 1986; Munkittrick and Moccia 1987; Beirao et al., 2011). Results have shown that within and across species, seasonal changes in sperm quality can differ. Increases in sperm density throughout the spawning season have been found in Atlantic salmon (Piironen, 1985), and Atlantic cod (Butts et al., 2010). In contrast, studies on rainbow trout (Büyükhatipoğlu and Holt, 1984), snow trout, Schizothorax richardsonii (Agarwal and Raghuvanshi 2009), brown trout, Salmo trutta (Hajirezaee et al., 2010) and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (Aas et al., 1991) fo-und that sperm density decreased throughout the season. As stated by Billard (1986), in salmonids, gametogensis is a discontinuous process where sperm is released from the sperm ducts over several months, aging throughout the spawning period.According to our results, the values of semen volume and pH, motility, duration and density of spermatozoa declined by increasing of stripping frequency as previously reported for Atlantic salmon (Aas et al., 1991) and rainbow trout (Sanchez-Rodriguez et al., 1978).As a conclusion, good suggestions on obtaining sperm quality parameters from bro-odstocks have been offered. It is hoped that this research would contribute to more production of this important species of fish in our country.REFERENCESAas, G.H., Refstie, T. and Gjerde, B. (1991): Evaluation of milt quality of Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture, 95: 125-132. Agarwal, N. K. and Raghuvanshi, S. K. (2009): Spermatocrit and sperm density in Snowtrout (Schizothorax richardsonii): correlation and variation during the breeding season. Aquaculture, 291:61-64.APHA (American Public Health Association) (1985): Standard Methods for the Exa-mination of Water and Wastewater, 16th Edition, Washington. Beirao, J., Soares, F., Herr´aez, M.P., Dinis, M.T. and Cabrita, E. (2011): Changes in Solea senegalensis sperm quality throughout the year. Animal Reproduction Science 126:122-129.Billard, R. (1986): Spermatogenesis and spermatology of some teleost fish species. Reproduction Nutrition Development, 26:877-920.Billard, R., Cosson, J., Perchec, G. and Linhart, O. (1995): Biology of sperm and artificial reproduction in carp. Aquaculture, 129: 95-112.Billard, R. and Cosson, M.P. (1986): Sperm motility in rainbow trout, Parasalmo mykiss; effect of pH and temperature; reproduction in fish. Basic and applied aspects in endocrinology and genetics, INRA, Paris, les Colloques INRA, 44:161-176.Butts, I. A. E., Litvak, M. K. and Trippel, E. A. (2010): Seasonal variations in semi-nal plasma and sperm characteristics of wild-caught and cultivated Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua. Theriogenology, 73:873-885.Büyükhatipoğlu, S. and Holt, W. (1984): Sperm output in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) effect of age, timing and frequency of stripping, and presence of females. Aquaculture, 37:  63-71.260 VI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “WATER & FISH” - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGSCiereszko, R. E., Dabrowski, K. (1993): Estimation of sperm concentration of ra-inbow trout, whitefish and yellow perch using spectrophotometric technique. Aquacul-ture, 109:367-373.Geffen A.J., Evans J.P. (2000): Sperm traits and fertilization success of male and sex reversed female rain bow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 182:61-72.Hajirezaee, S., Amiri, B.M. and Mirvaghefi, A. R. (2010): Changes in sperm produc-tion, sperm motility, and composition of seminal fluid in Caspian Brown Trout, Salmo trutta caspius, over the course of a spawning season. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 22:157-170.Kjorsvik, E., Mangor-Jensen, A., Holmefjord, I. (1990): Egg quality in fishes. In: Blaxter, J.H.S., Southward, A.J. (Eds.), Adv. Mar. Biol., vol. 26, pp. 71-113.Linhart, O., Slechta, V. and Slavik, T. (1991): Fish sperm composition and biochemi-stry, Bulletin International Zoology, Academia Sinica Monograph, 16:285-311.Munkittrick, K.R. and Moccia, R.D. (1987): Seasonal changes in the quality of Ra-inbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) semen: effect of a delay in stripping on spermatocrit, motility, volume and seminal plasma constituents. Aquaculture, 64:147-156.Piironen, J. (1985): Variation in the properties of milt from the Finnish landlocked salmon (Salmo salar) during a spawning season. Aquaculture, 48:337-350.Piironen J., Hyvarinen H. (1983): Composition of the milt of some teleost fishes. Journal of Fish Biology, 22:351-361.Sanchez-Rodriguez, M., Escaffre, A.M., Marlot, S. and Reinaud, P. (1978): The spermiation period in the rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri. Plasma gonadotropin and an-drogen levels, sperm production and biochemical changes in the seminal fluid. Ann. Biol. Anim. Biochim. Biophys., 18: 943-948.Suquet M., Billard R., Cosson J., Dorange G., Chauvaud L., Mugnier C., Fauvel C. (1994): Sperm features in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): a comparison with other freshwater and marine fish species. Aquatic Living Resources, 7:283-294. Suquet M., Dreanno C., Dorange G., Normant Y., Quemener L., Gaignon J.L., Bi-llard R. (1998): The aging phenomenon of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) sperma-tozoa: Effects on morphology, motility and concentration, intra- cellular ATP content, fertilization and storage capacities. Journal of Fish Biology, 32:31-41.Truscott B., Idler D.R. (1969): An improved extender for freezing Atlantic salmon spermatozoa. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 26:3254-3258.Viveiros, A.T.M., Jatzkowski, A., Komen, J. (2003): Effects of oxytocin on semen re-lease response in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Theriogenology, 59:1905-1917.

Uticaj perioda istiskivanja mleča na parametre kvaliteta sperme kalifornijske pastrmke (oncorhynchus mykiss)

http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/bitstream/123456789/771/1/40%20Water%20and%20Fish%202013%20-%20Ozgur.pdf

Uticaj perioda istiskivanja mleča na parametre kvaliteta sperme kalifornijske pastrmke (oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

CaSA NaRA