Five viruses: Potato Virus Y (PVY), Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, Cucumber Mosaic Virus,
Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Alfalfa Mosaic Virus, of which PVY was predominant, were detected
by serological testing of tobacco samples collected from many localities in Vojvodina in
2006. Viruses are the most important pathogens in tobacco and PVY causes considerable
economic damages all over the world. A PVY population comprises several different strain
groups, strain subgroups and recombinant strains. Among these, PVYN (necrotic strain) and
PVYO (ordinary strain) cause the greatest yield and quality losses in tobacco. Identification of
a prevalent strain in a PVY population is the basis of proper tobacco genotype selection for
resistance against this significant virus.
Typical symptoms caused by PVY were observed by monitoring tobacco crops in our
country in 2006. The symptoms occurred as changes in the general plant appearance, as
well as necrotic areas on leaves, petiols, stems and flowers. The initial symptoms of veinal
necrosis were expanded throughout the leaf, causing reddish-brown (copper) plant color
and premature death of lower leaves. Plants with these symptoms occurred in all monitored
localities and their frequency was high.
In order to understand various epidemiological aspects of the diseases caused by PVY
and to prevent its occurrence and spreading in tobacco crops, it is necessary to properly
identify this virus in time. Biological, serological and molecular identification of the virus
and its prevalent strain was carried out in order to determine tobacco disease ethiology.
The results obtained suggest that this prevalent strain of PVY has been spreading progressively
in our country in recent years.
Although PVYN is widely spread in tobacco crops in Europe, its destructiveness, disease
intensity and wide distribution in Serbia were established only in the last two years.
PVY necrotic strain was detected mainly in single infections, although it was also present in
mixed infections with other tobacco viruses.Serološkim testiranjem uzoraka duvana prikupljenih u više lokaliteta u Vojvodini 2006.
godine detektovani su Potato Virus Y (PVY), Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, Cucumber Mosaic Virus,
Tobacco Mosaic Virus i Alfalfa Mosaic Virus, pri čemu je PVY bio dominantan. Virusi su najznačajniji
prouzrokovači oboljenja duvana, a virus crtičastog mozaika krompira (PVY) izaziva
ekonomski značajne štete širom sveta. Populaciju PVY čini više različitih grupa sojeva, podgrupa
u okviru određenog soja i sojeva nastalih rekombinacijom. Od opisanih, PVYN (nekrotični
soj) i PVYO (obični soj) prouzrokuju najveće gubitke u prinosu i kvalitetu duvana.
Poznavanje predominantnog soja u populaciji PVY osnova je pravilne selekcije genotipova
duvana otpornih na ovaj značajan virus.
Pregledom useva duvana u Srbiji tokom 2006. godine, uočeni su tipični simptomi koje
izaziva PVY. Simptomi su se ispoljavali u vidu promena opšteg izgleda biljaka, kao i nekrotičnih
promena na lišću, peteljkama, stablu i cvetu. Početni simptomi nekroze nerava su se širili
i zahvatali celu lisku, usled čega su biljke dobile crvenkastosmeđu (bakarnu) boju, a donje
lišće je prevremeno izumiralo. Biljke sa ovakvim simptomima javljale su se u svim pregledanim
lokalitetima, a učestalost pojave bila je veoma visoka.
Kako bi se razumeli razni epidemiološki aspekti oboljenja koje izaziva PVY i sprečila njegova
pojava i širenje u usevu duvana, neophodna je pravilna i pravovremena identifikacija
virusa. U cilju razjašnjavanja etiologije izvršena je biološka, serološka i molekularna identifikacija
virusa i njegovog prevalentnog soja koji je očigledno u progresivnom širenju poslednjih
godina na duvanu u našoj zemlji.
Iako je PVYN široko rasprostranjen na duvanu u Evropi, destruktivnost, visok intenzitet zaraze
i široka rasprostranjenost ustanovljeni su u Srbiji tek poslednje dve godine. Nekrotični
soj PVY detektovan je uglavnom u pojedinačnim infekcijama, mada je, u manjoj meri, dokazan
i u mešanim infekcijama sa drugim virusima duvana