Cilj ovog rada je bio ispitivanje masnokiselinskog profila mišićnog tkiva šaranskih vrsta riba gajenih u polikulturi u dva ribnjaka sa poluintenzivnim uzgojem. Poređen je profil masnih kiselina mišićnog tkiva šarana, tolstolobika i amura u vidu ukupnih zasićenih (ZMK), mononezasićenih (MNMK) i polinezasićenih masnih kiselina (PNMK), kao i odnosi P/S i n-3/n-6. Odnos P/S u lipidima mišićnog tkiva šarana kretao se od 0,26 (amur) do 0,80 (šaran). Veći sadržaj n-3 PNMK uočen je u mišićnom tkivu amura. Odnos n-3/n-6 iznosio je kod amura 2.15, dok je kod tolstolobika i šarana bio 0.07. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je glavna razlika između šaranskih vrsta bila u sadržaju ukupnih PNMK, posebno u sadržaju n-6 masnih kiselina. Sastav masnih kiselina amura iz dva ribnjaka nije se statistički značajno razlikovao. Šarani sa dva ribnjaka su se značajno razlikovali u ukupnom sadržaju MNMK i PNMK. Da bi se procenio kvalitet slatkovodne ribe sa domaćeg tržišta, dobijeni rezultati su, takođe, poređeni sa gajenim vijetnamskim somom (Pangasius hypophthalmus) koji je uzet sa našeg tržišta. S obzirom na masnokiselinski sastav, Pangasius se ne može smatrati nutritivno vrednom namirnicom. Dalja ispitivanja su neophodna da se oceni kvalitet slatkovodne ribe sa našeg tržišta

Djinovic-Stojanovic, Jasna

Matekalo-Sverak, Vesna

Milijasevic, Milan

Petronijevic, Radivoj

Spiric, Aurelija

Trbovic, Dejana

Vranic, Danijela

English

CaSA NaRA

80 V INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “AQUACULTURE & FISHERY” - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGSfatty aciD profile of carp fisH species froM tWo aquaculture systeMsDEJANA TRBOVIĆ, DANIJELA VRANIĆ, JASNA ĐINOVIĆ-STOJANOVIĆ, RADIVOJ PETRONIJEVIĆ, MILAN MILIJAŠEVIĆ, VESNA MATEKALO-SVE-RAK, AURELIJA SPIRIĆInstitute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kacanskog 13, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; e-mail: dejana@inmesbgd.comSASTAV MASNIH KISELINA ŠARANSKIH VRSTA RIBA IZ  DvA SISTEMA GAJENJAAbstraktCilj ovog rada je bio ispitivanje masnokiselinskog profila mišićnog tkiva šaranskih vrsta riba gajenih u polikulturi u dva ribnjaka sa poluintenzivnim uzgojem. Poređen je profil masnih kiselina mišićnog tkiva šarana, tolstolobika i amura u vidu ukupnih zasi-ćenih (ZMK), mononezasićenih (MNMK) i polinezasićenih masnih kiselina (PNMK), kao i odnosi P/S i n-3/n-6. Odnos P/S u lipidima mišićnog tkiva šarana kretao se od 0,26 (amur) do 0,80 (šaran). Veći sadržaj n-3 PNMK uočen je u mišićnom tkivu amura. Od-nos n-3/n-6 iznosio je kod amura 2.15, dok je kod tolstolobika i šarana bio 0.07. Dobije-ni rezultati ukazuju da je glavna razlika između šaranskih vrsta bila u sadržaju ukupnih PNMK, posebno u sadržaju n-6 masnih kiselina. Sastav masnih kiselina amura iz dva ribnjaka nije se statistički značajno razlikovao. Šarani sa dva ribnjaka su se značajno ra-zlikovali u ukupnom sadržaju MNMK i PNMK. Da bi se procenio kvalitet slatkovodne ribe sa domaćeg tržišta, dobijeni rezultati su, takođe, poređeni sa gajenim vijetnamskim somom (Pangasius hypophthalmus) koji je uzet sa našeg tržišta. S obzirom na masno-kiselinski sastav, Pangasius se ne može smatrati nutritivno vrednom namirnicom. Dalja ispitivanja su neophodna da se oceni kvalitet slatkovodne ribe sa našeg tržišta.Ključne reči: profil masnih kiselina, šaran, tolstolobik, amur, pangasiusINTRODUcTIONFish from the Cyprinidae family are the most widely cultured species. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in fish ponds is produced in polyculture with accompanying species V MEĐUNARODNA KONFERENCIJA ”AKVAKULTURA I RIBARSTVO” - ZBORNIK PREDAVANJA   81such as bighead and silver carp and grass carp. Polyculture involves the culture, in the same pond, of several fish species that feed on different natural resources and thus im-prove water quality and increase fish production. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is reared in fish ponds for regulation of over-grown aquatic plants like reed and rush. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is strong phytoplankton and zooplankton feeder. Polyculture in Europe expanded from the 1960s with the introduction of Chinese carp and often involves only two or three species (common carp, silver and grass carp) (Horvath et al., 1984; Olah, 1986).The aim of this study is comparison of the fatty acid profile of carp fish from two semi - intensive culture ponds with different rearing system. Within the last few years farmed Asian white catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus, has been introduced as a succe-ssful new fish species on the European market. Pangasius is fast growing fish species which reaches market size within eight months. In this study the fatty acid profile of Vietnamese catfish fillets from domestic market was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODSInvestigation was carried out on fifteen samples of marketable (two year old) com-mon carp, silver carp and grass carp, collected in October and November 2010, from two semi-intensive fish pond with different feeding regime: in the first pond fish was fed with commercial extruded diet and in the second pond fish was supplementary feed with wheat only. Analysis was carried out on homogenized fish muscle samples after evisceration and deprivation of skin, tail, head, fins and bones. Five samples of Panga-sius fillets were obtained from the market and analyzed too.Total lipids for fatty acid determination were extracted from fish muscle tissue with hexane/isopropanol mixture by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE 200, Dionex, Ger-many). After evaporation of solvent until dryness under the stream of nitrogen total li-pids were converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by trimethylsulfonium hydroxi-de. FAMEs were determined by using Shimadzu 2010 gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector (FID) and cianopropyl HP-88 capillary column (100m x 0.25 mm x 0.20µm).Statistical analysisData obtained for fatty acid composition were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the least significant difference test at the level of significance of 5%.RESULTS AND DIScUSSIONFatty acid composition of muscle tissue of carp species is presented in Table 1.82 V INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “AQUACULTURE & FISHERY” - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGSTable1. Fatty acid composition (g100g-1 of total fatty acids) of muscle tissue of com-mon carp, silver carp and grass carp (mean ± SD) from two aquaculture ponds.Common carp Silver carp Grass carpPond /Fatty acid I II I II I IISFA 27.21±1.56a 27.02±1.93a 29.40±1.93a 32.61±1.23b 34.48±0.94b 35.49±0.64bMUFA 50.40±1.39b 63.50±1.58d 54.87±3.40a 57.60±2.20c 54.90±0.71a 54.64±0.62aPUFA 21.67±1.12c 8.91±0.44b 16.52±1.63a 9.15±1.23b 9.83±1.04b 9.23±1.02bn-3 1.43±0.13a 0.63±0.01b 1.14±0.34a 2.66±0.24c 6.70±0.74d 6.14±0.54dn-6 20.12±0.98c 8.28±0.44d 15.39±1.38a 6.50±1.18d 3.12±0.35b 3.09±0.25bn-3/n-6 0.07±0.01a 0.08±0.01a 0.07±0.01a 0.41±0.01c 2.15±0.16b 1.99±0.11bP/S 0.80±0.01a 0.33±0.04c 0.56±0.07d 0.28±0.02b 0.28±0.03b 0.26±0.03bUFA/SFA 2.65 2.68 2.43 2.05 1.88 1.80I pond - extruded diet, II - grain (wheat, barley, maize)Values in the same row followed by the same letters do not differ significantly (p>0.05)Table 2: Fatty acid profile (g100g-1 of total fatty acid) of Pangasius hypophthalmus fillets from Serbian market (mean ± SD)Fatty acid Pangasius filletsSFA 41.36±2.60MUFA 42.36±1.78PUFA 15.77±4.98n-3 1.31±0.16n-6 14.46±2.82n-3/n-6 0.09±0.03P/S 0.38±0.15UFA/SFA 1.40The quality of fat has been described by using different ratios, such as PUFA/SFA and n-3/n-6 (Ahlgren et al. 1994). Human diets with a P/S lower than 0.45 have been viewed as unfavorable, as they possibly promote the occurrence of hypercholesterole-mia. In the present study, the lipid fraction of muscle tissue showed P/S values ranging from 0.26 (grass carp) to 0.80 (common carp). However, this index, which is based only on the degree of fatty acid saturation, also ignores the metabolic effects of MUFA. The ratio of unsaturated (UFA) vs. saturated fatty acids is of greater importance in edible fat. The value higher than 0.35 is usually believed to be beneficial. Higher ratio in this study was obtained for common carp (2.68) and silver carp (2.43).The ratio between PUFA of the n-3 and n-6 groups is one of the indices used to eva-luate the nutritional value of the lipid fraction present in foods. Henderson and Tocher (1987) reported n-3/n-6 value of 0.5-3.8 for freshwater and 4.7-14.4 for marine fish. The n-3/n-6 ratio in this study ranged from 0.07 (common carp) to 2.15 (grass carp).A total PUFA content in the muscle tissue lipids of the investigated fish varied from 9.23% (grass carp) to 21.67% (common carp). The higher amount of total n-3 PUFA was observed in muscle tissue of grass carp (6.70%) as well as lower amount of n-6 V MEĐUNARODNA KONFERENCIJA ”AKVAKULTURA I RIBARSTVO” - ZBORNIK PREDAVANJA   83PUFA (3.12%). The n-3 to n-6 ratio was 2.15 in grass carp. Fatty acid profile of grass carp from two fish ponds was not significantly different. Higher n-3 to n-6 ratio in grass carp depends on the type of diet consumed, i.e. feed on natural food that are richer in the n-3 families of acids (Steffens and Wirth, 2007).Common carp from two fish ponds were significantly different in the total MUFA and total PUFA content. Supplementary feeding of carp with wheat results in a lower amount of n-3 essentially fatty acids in fish muscle (0.63% in common carp from II pond). This is due to the lower proportion of natural feed in the diet of the carp which received supplementary grain (Steffens, 1997). Similar results for common carp were previously reported (Trbovic et al., 2009., Trbovic et al. 2010).Obtained results indicate to different feeding habit of carp fish. The main difference is in the total PUFA content and, particularly, n-6 fatty acids. As an omnivorous species, Pangasius hypophthalmus is fed agricultural by-pro-ducts, mainly rice bran, soy and fish by-products during rearing. However, more recent information shows that farm-made feeds consist of 30-40% trash marine fish and 60-70% rice bran (Phu and Thanh Hien, 2003). The nutritional quality of catfish was not considered to be excellent due to their fatty acid profile. Total lipids were characterized by high percentage of saturated fatty acids (41.4%), monounsaturated fatty acid amo-unting to 42.4%. Total PUFA content was characterized by a high proportion of n-6 and low n-3/n-6 ratio (0.09). Similar results for the fatty acid profile of Pangasius fillets from the domestic market were reported by Orban et al., 2008. and Karl et al. 2010. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the quality of freshwater fish from Serbian market as well as more fish samples.cONcLUSIONFatty acid profile of common carp, silver carp and grass carp in terms of sum of total SFA, MUFA and PUFA as well as P/S and n-3 to n-6 ratios of carp fish meat were com-pared. The lipid fraction of muscle tissue showed P/S values ranging from 0.26 (grass carp) to 0.80 (common carp). The n-3/n-6 ratio in this study ranged from 0.07 (common carp) to 2.15 (grass carp). Common carp from two fish ponds were significantly diffe-rent in the total MUFA and total PUFA content. Supplementary feeding of carp with wheat results in a lower amount of n-3 essentially fatty acids in fish muscle.The nutritional quality of analyzed Pangasius fillets from Serbian market was not considered to be acceptable due to their fatty acid profile. Total lipids were characte-rized by high percentage of saturated fatty acids (41.4%), monounsaturated fatty acid amounting to 42.4%. Total PUFA content was characterized by a high proportion of n-6 and low n-3/n-6 ratio (0.09).AcKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis work was supported by grants of the Ministry of Education and Science, Repu-blic of Serbia (project no.TR-31011).REFERENcESAhlgren G., Blomqvist, P., Boberg, M., Gustafsson, I.B. (1996): Fatty acid content of the dorsal musle – an indicator of fat quality in freshwater fish. Journal of Fish Biology 45, 131-157.84 V INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “AQUACULTURE & FISHERY” - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGSHanderson, R.J., Tocher, D.R. (1987): The lipid composition and biochemistry of freshwater fish. Prog. Lipid Res. 26, 281-347.Horváth, L., Tamás, G., Tölg, I. (1984): Special methods in pond fish husbandry. Akademiai Kiado. Budapest, 147 p.Karl, H., Lehmann, I., Rehbein, H., Schubring, R. (2010): Composition and quality attributes of conventionally and organically farmed Pangasius fillets (Pangasius hy-pophthalmus) on the German market. International Journal of Food Science and Tech-nology 45, 56-66.Olah, J. (1986): Carp production in manured pond. Aquaculture of Cyprinids. R. Billard and J. Marcel. Paris, Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique. 295-304 pp. Orban, E., Nevigato, T., Di Lena, G., Masci, M., Casini, I., Gambelli, L., Caproni, R. (2008): New trends in the seafood market. Sutchi catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fillets from Vietnam: Nutritional quality and safety aspects. Food Chemistry 110, 383-389.Phu, T.Q., Thanh Hien, T.T. (2003): Changes in types of feeds for Pangasius Cat-fish culture improve production in the Mekong Delta. In: Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture CRSP. Aquanews, 18, 3.Steffens W. (1997). Effects of variation in essential fatty acids in fish feeds on nutri-tive value of freshwater fish for humans. Aquaculture 151, 97-119.Steffens, W., Wirth, M. (2007). Influence of nutrition on the lipid quality of pond fish: common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tench (Tinca tinca). Aquaculture International 15, 313-319. Trbović, D., Vranić, D., Đinović, J., Borović,B., Spirić, D., Babić, J., Spirić, A. (2009): Fatty acid profile and cholesterol content in muscle tissue of one year old com-mon carp (Cyprinus caprio) during growth. Meat technology 50, 5-6, 276-286.Trbovic, D., Vranic, D., Spiric, A., Djinovic, J., Matekalo-Sverak, V., Spiric, D., Pe-tronijevic, R. (2010): Fatty acid profile, cholesterol content and chemical composition of common carp (cyprinus carpio) from aquaculture. Global Conference on Aquacultu-re 2010. Farming the waters for People and Food. 22-25.09. Thailand, Phuket, Confe-rence handbook, P-153.

Sastav masnih kiselina šaranskih vrsta riba iz dva sistema gajenja

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Sastav masnih kiselina šaranskih vrsta riba iz dva sistema gajenja

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