The present study was carried out to see the effect of anaerobically digested slurry of cow dung and kitchen waste on the seed quality parameters in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). The seeds were treated with both cow dung slurry and kitchen waste slurry (100% and diluted to 50% with H2O) and kept for different time durations (6 hours and 18 hours). The seed germination was increased when the kitchen waste slurry was diluted to 50% and kept for 6 hours during daytime. Cow dung slurry when used as such (100%) for 6 hrs increased the percent seed germination and seedling length significantly thus increasing the seed vigour I and II

Gupta, Namarta

Gupta, Urmila

Advances in BioScience

Effect of Anaerobically Digested Slurry of Cow Dung and Kitchen Waste on the Seed Quality in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Gupta, N. (Namarta)

Gupta, U. (Urmila)

Neliti

Effect of Anaerobically Digested Slurry of Cow Dung and Kitchen Waste on the Seed Quality in Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.)

Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology

 *Corresponding author:    E-mail: namjindal70@yahoo.co.in.  www.sospublication.co.in      Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology                  We- together to save yourself society                                e-ISSN 0976-7614        Effect of Anaerobically Digested Slurry of Cow Dung and Kitchen Waste on the Seed Quality in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)  Namarta Gupta1* and Urmila Gupta2 1*Seed Technology Center, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. 2School of Energy Studies for Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.   Abstract: The present study was carried out to see the effect of anaerobically digested slurry of cow dung and kitchen waste on the seed quality parameters in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). The seeds were treated with both cow dung slurry and kitchen waste slurry (100% and diluted to 50% with H2O) and kept for different time durations (6 hours and 18 hours). The seed germination was increased when the kitchen waste slurry was diluted to 50% and kept for 6 hours during daytime. Cow dung slurry when used as such (100%) for 6 hrs increased the percent seed germination and seedling length significantly thus increasing the seed vigour I and II.  Keywords: Cow dung slurry, Kitchen Waste Slurry and Okra.     Traditionally in our villages and rural areas, organic manure is used such as dung of domestic animals. Cow dung shows no or less adverse effect on crops and also on human health. The use of organic manure is better for quality and yield of the crops and increased rapidly since the start of green revolution. The main advantage of the cow dung is that it doesn’t pollute the soil and does not give any negative effect to the environment whereas fertilizers, pesticides and chemicals etc. all contribute towards soil pollution. The excess amounts of fertilizers affect the soil, the crop characteristics and the product from the crops.  Because of the use of manures, the physical conditions such as aeration and water transmission properties of the soil are improved. Because of slow release of ammoniacal nitrogen and then slow conversion to nitrates, the leaching loss of nitrogen is low in the presence of organic manures. It provides a hygienic and useful way of disposal and utilization of waste. Uses of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides also have residual effect in crop grains. Besides, the cow dung, urine treatment alone or in combination with various plant extracts have also been used to control plant diseases (Akhter et al., 2006). The anaerobically digested slurry is shown not only to produce pathogen free manure, increased fertilizer and biogas but can improve the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants (Yongabi et al., 2009). Cow dung slurry has also been recently reported to be used as decomposition and mineralization of rice straw (Saha and Hajra, 2007). Biogas slurry has also been used for short-term and long-term benefits in terms of production increments and soil amelioration (Garg et al., 2005), cultivation, biochemical quality and production (Fang et al., 2009), spouting of white jam (Suja et al., 2006; Naskar et al., 2003)  and germination percentage and speed in artificial regeneration studies (Prashanth and Prakash, 2009).   Volume 2, Issue 4, October 2011 Research Article  Effect of Cow dung and Kitchen Waste on the Seed of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Namarta and Urmila J. Adv. Lab. Res. Biol.                        159    Table 1. Effect of anaerobically digested slurry of cow dung and kitchen waste on the seed quality in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.).   KW 50% - Kitchen waste slurry diluted to 50%; CD 50% - cow dung slurry diluted to 50%; KW 100% - Kitchen waste slurry 100%; CD 100% - cow dung slurry 100%; Seedling Vigour Index I = Germination (%) x (seedling length in cm);  Seedling Vigour Index II = Germination (%) x (seedling dry weight in g)   In the tradition of research in organic agriculture, the use of compost and EM (effective microorganisms) have played a central role in plant protection, since these products simultaneously attempt a beneficial microbial soil flora and thereby prevent some plant diseases (Sangakkara et al., 1999) and pathogenic fungi (Swain et al., 2008). Furthermore, one of the two negative effects of the seed treatment in often that seed  vigour in terms of germination speed is reduced. Low-dose of EM has been shown to improve speed of germination. Fast and even germination is essential for increasing yield potential also in conventional agriculture (Bargen and Mehrnaz, 2000). Presently the study was carried out to see the effect of anaerobically digested slurry of cow dung and kitchen waste on the seed quality parameters in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) (Table 1). The seeds were treated with both cow dung slurry and kitchen waste slurry (100% and diluted to 50% with H2O) and kept for different time durations (6 hours and 18 hours). After surface drying at room temperature. For two hours, seeds were analysed for its quality parameters, viz., germination percentage, seedling length and biomass (Anonymous, 1996) and seed vigour I and II (Abdul Baki and Anderson, 1973). The seed germination was increased when the kitchen waste slurry was diluted to 50% for and kept for 6 hours during daytime. Cow dung slurry when used as such (100%) for 6 hrs increased the percent seed germination and seedling length significantly thus increasing the seed vigour I and II. Fresh weight and dry weight was also increased by cow dung slurry. The effect was more when the time period was 6 hrs during the daytime. Earlier studies have also shown to improve the seed germination by the anaerobically fermented cow dung manure in carrot, cucumber and beet etc, (Siqueira et al., 1993). Thus anaerobically treated slurry of kitchen waste and cow dung can be exploited to improve the seed germination of vegetable crops.  References  [1]. Akhter, N., Begum, M.F., Alam, S. and Alam, M.S. (2006). Inhibitory effects of different plant extracts, Cow dung and Cow urine on conidial germination of Bipolaris sorokiniana. Journal of Biological Sciences, 14: 87-92. [2]. Anonymous (1996). International rules for seed testing. Seed Science Technology, 29 (Suppl.):1-335. [3]. Abdul-Baki, A.A. and Anderson, J.D. (1973). Vigour determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science, 13: 630-633. [4]. Borgen, A. and Mehrnaz, D. (2000). Biological control of Common bunt (Tilletia tritici). In: Nature Farming and Microbial Applications (eds. Xu, H.L., Parr, J.F. and Umemura, H.) pp 157-172.  [5]. Fang-Bo Yu, Xi-Ping Luo, Cheng-Fang Song, Miao-Xian Zhang & Sheng-Dao Shan (2010). Concentrated biogas slurry enhanced soil fertility and tomato quality. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science, 60:3: 262-268,   Treatment % Germination Shoot Length cm Root length cm Seedling Length cm Fresh Weight g Dry Weight g Seedling Vigour index I Seedling Vigour index II Control 80.00 20 12 32 2.212 0.126 2560.0 2.016 18 hrs Hydration 82.50 22 5 27 2.413 0.130 2227.5 2.145 KW 50% 75.00 21 10 31 2.461 0.117 2325.0 1.755 CD 50% 62.50 23 15 38 2.890 0.125 2375.0 1.563 KW 100% 75.00 22 9 31 2.776 0.135 2325.0 2.025 CD 100% 75.00 28 5 33 2.528 0.119 2475.0 1.785 6hrs Hydration 81.50 21 9 30 2.919 0.131 2325.0 2.031 KW 50% 87.50 20 15 35 3.177 0.138 3062.5 2.415 CD 50% 70.00 28 6 34 2.912 0.114 2380.0 1.596 KW 100% 70.00 21 10 31 2.926 0.131 2170.0 1.834 CD 100% 92.50 29 10 39 3.240 0.132 3607.5 2.442 Effect of Cow dung and Kitchen Waste on the Seed of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Namarta and Urmila J. Adv. Lab. Res. Biol.                        160 [6]. Garg, R.N., Pathak, H., Das, D.K. and Tomar, R.K. (2005). Use of flyash and biogas slurry for improving wheat yield and physical properties of soil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 107, pp. 1-9. [7]. Naskar, S.K., Sethuraman, P., Ray, R.C. (2003). Sprouting in yam by cow dung slurry. Validation of Indigenous Technical Knowledge in Agriculture. New Delhi, India: Division of Agricultural Extension, Indian Council of Agricultural Research; p. 197–201. [8]. Prashanth, K. and Prakash, N.A. (2009). An insight into the natural and artificial regeneration of few important wild edible fruit species: a case study from Central Western Ghats, India. In: Proceedings of the XIII World Forestry Congress Buenos Aires, Argentina, 18 – 23 October 2009 pp1-4. [9]. Saha, H. and Hajra, J.N. (2001). Effect of cellulose decomposing fungi, cow dung slurry and fly ash on the decomposition and mineralization of rice straw. Environment and Ecology, 22(Spl. 4): 714-718.  [10]. Sangakkara, U.R., Higa, T. and Weerasekera, P. (1999). Effective Microorganisms: A modern technology for organic systems. In: Organic Agriculture: The Credible Solutions for the XXI Century. Eds D. Foguelman and W. Lockeretz. pp 205-211.  [11]. Siqueira, M.F.B., C.P. Sudré, L.H. Almeida, A.P.R. Pegorerl and F. Akiba (1993). Influence of Effective Microorganisms on seed germination and plantlet vigor of selected crops. In: Proceedings of the third international conference on nature farming, Maryland, USA, (Eds): Parr, Hornick and Simpson pp. 222-45. [12]. Suja, G., Nair, V.M. and Sreekumar, J. (2003). Influence of organic manures, nitrogen and potassium on nutrient uptake and nutrient-use efficiency of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) intercropped in coconut (Cocos nucifera) garden. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 48 (3): 168-171. [13]. Yongabi, K.A., Harris, P.L., Lewis, D.M. and Agho, M.O. (2009). Preliminary study on the effect of anaerobically digested cow dung slurry on the antimicrobial activity of three medicinal plants. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 3(4): 168-174.  

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Effect of Anaerobically Digested Slurry of Cow Dung and Kitchen Waste on the Seed Quality in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

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