The complexity of the chemical and microstructural evolution of cement during the hydration process can be evaluated using many different characterisation techniques. One of these techniques which has been demonstrated to be useful, but not yet fully accepted by the cement research community, is Alternating Current Impedance Spectroscopy (ACIS). However, although ACIS is a non-destructive, rapid, and easily implemented technique, it has been found in the past that it has several limitations such as electrode contact, electrode area dependence, ground coupling effects, complications due to inductance at high frequencies, and a lack of mathematical and physical rigour in much of the data interpretation.
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