In general, there are three principle parameters by which investigators assess CAR-Ts in the clinical setting: clinical outcome, CAR-T cell persistence, and patient safety. CAR-Ts are “living drugs”; short of clinical trials, it is currently not possible to assess CAR-T safety and efficacy based on in vitro taxonomies of cell phenotype and function. This talk will discuss systems wide analytical strategies that may enable for the more comprehensive and precise characterization of CAR-T products with an overall objective of developing safer and more effective therapies for patients