Abou-Zaid, Mamdouh

English

Engineering Conferences International

Engineering Conferences InternationalECI Digital ArchivesBioEnergy IV: Innovations in Biomass Conversionfor Heat, Power, Fuels and Chemicals ProceedingsSpring 6-12-2013New era of phytochemistryMamdouh Abou-ZaidAgriculture and Agri-Food CanadaFollow this and additional works at: http://dc.engconfintl.org/bioenergy_ivPart of the Chemical Engineering CommonsThis Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the Proceedings at ECI Digital Archives. It has been accepted for inclusion inBioEnergy IV: Innovations in Biomass Conversion for Heat, Power, Fuels and Chemicals by an authorized administrator of ECI Digital Archives. Formore information, please contact franco@bepress.com.Recommended CitationMamdouh Abou-Zaid, "New era of phytochemistry" in "BioEnergy IV: Innovations in Biomass Conversion for Heat, Power, Fuels andChemicals", Manuel Garcia-Perez,Washington State University, USA Dietrich Meier, Thünen Institute of Wood Research, GermanyRaffaella Ocone, Heriot-Watt University, United Kingdom Paul de Wild, Biomass & Energy Efficiency, ECN, The Netherlands Eds,ECI Symposium Series, (2013). http://dc.engconfintl.org/bioenergy_iv/38NEW ERA OF PHYTOCHEMISTRYMamdouh Abou-ZaidNatural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service -Canadian Wood Fibre Centre,Sault St. Marie, Ontarioin collaboration withEd Lui, Franco Berruti, Cedric Briens, Western University, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR), London, OntarioCoiffeur Marshal, Ian Scott and Mark SumarahAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario• Canadian boreal forest circles the upper part of the northern hemisphere and covers 31% of Canada• Boreal forest is primarily an evergreen forest e.g., spruce, pine, fir• 30% of the world's boreal forest is located in CanadaCanadian Forests Contain Rich Resources of Bioactive Natural Products The boreal forest is a natural factory working on the production of enormous numbers of organic substances with a variety of roles and bioactivities Each species has a unique phytochemical profile with characteristic classes of substances, a phenomenon known as phytochemical diversity and redundancy  The biosyntheses and metabolic sequences are interconnectedWhen producing bioenergy, selected chemical species can be of much greater value than energy alone. Utilizing thermal cracking technologies (e.g. pyrolysis), provides a novel means to access more readily sources of these biochemical compounds New structures can be created by the depolymerization of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Special opportunities are created by selected species:– ex. Canada yew to produce taxol, – tomato to produce lycopenes, – grape waste to produce resveratrol, – and ginseng to produce ginsenosides. Our objective is to assist pyrolysis, bioproducts, pharmaceutical, bioenergy and biobased industries in developing a broad range of raw materials from forest residues. Natural product chemistry   Over the years the Canadian Wood Fibre Centre is working towards:– Baseline data systems of the biochemical profiles of native flora (trees, shrubs and herbs) – Correlation of biochemical characteristics with the molecular and genetic variations of native flora – Impacts associated with geographical, seasonal and environmental changesUltimately…The goal is to help support and maintain both the natural products initiatives and forest industries in Canada by providing overall natural products expertise and resource tools for the identification and development of value-added productsCASE STUDY:Preparation of TaxanesPreparation of TaxanesCanada Yew (Taxus canadensis) is a native evergreen shrub found in most parts of OntarioNeedles, bark and roots (the biomass) contain varying amounts of the anticancer compound,  Paclitaxel®10Preparation of TaxanesCurrent methods for the production of commercial Taxol® and taxane compounds are complex, time consuming and costlyBased on solvent extraction from raw materialFresh Foliage↓Steep with 100% ethanol (EtOH) for 24 h;Grind in blender↓Filter and resteep residue with an EtOH:H2O (1:1) mixture for an additional 24 h↓Filter and combine all ethanolic extracts and concentrate the sample using a water bath, under reduced pressure at 50⁰C to remove the ethanol↓Fractionate sample on PVPP (100% H2O→100% EtOH)(5 Fractions)↓Reduce solvent volume of fractions down to approximately 10 - 50 mL and freeze dry the fractionSOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCEDURE:Solvent Extraction: Challenging!There is the need for alternative extraction proceduresCan pyrolysis processes be an alternative to solvent extraction for the segregation and extraction of valuable biochemicals?Preparation of TaxanesPyrolysis involves the  destructive distillation of the biomass (needles, bark, roots or combinations thereof) to produce a bio-oilBio-oil contains a mixture of taxanes along with phenolic compoundsPreparation of Taxanes Isolation of the mixture of taxanes from the bio-oil is carried out by mixing the taxane laden bio-oil with a chromatographic resin to form a bio-oil /resin mixtureElution with a solvent mixture yields individual taxanes in  purified form(WO/2007/045093) PREPARATION OF TAXANES, Pub.No.: WO/2007/045093 International Application No.: PCT/CA2006/001717Publication Date:26.04.2007 International Filing Date:20.10.2006IPC:C07D 305/14 (2006.01), C07B 63/00 (2006.01)Pyrolysis eliminates the use of an initial liquid-phase fractionation procedure, such as liquid-liquid partitioning or solvent extraction of the bio-oil composition, before one or more of the taxanes are isolated by chromatographic separation Compound Organic Solvent Extraction PyrolysisTaxol (Bark) ~0.01 % NATaxol (Clippings and needles)~0.003 to 0.015 % ~0.031 to 0.049 %DBH (Clippings and needles)~0.04 % ~0.08 to 0.12 %DAB (Clippings and needles)~0.06 % ~0.46 to 0.53 %Total Taxanes(Clippings and needles) ~0.25 % ~ 5 to 7 %Comparison between Solvent Extraction and Fast PyrolysisPyrolysis resulted in significantly higher yields of taxanesthan obtained using standard extraction procedures !!!InstrumentsGas Chromatography - MS/MSORBITRAP LC-MSHPLC-DADUPLC-DADNuclear Magnetic ResonanceOOOHHOOHHOOHOHOOOHOOHQuercetin 2"-O-(6''-O--coumaroyl)-glucosideOOOHHOOHHOOHOHOHOOHQuercetin 3-O-glucosideOOOHHOOHOOHOOHOHOHOHOHCH2OHOOHQuercetin 3-O-diglucosideOOOHHOOHOOHOOHOHOOOHOHCH2OHOHOOHQuercetin 2"-O-(6'''-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucosideNatural Products Chemical Library: There are close to 1,800 samples of crude plant extracts, fractions and purified compounds which were collected from trees, shrubs and herbs from Northern Ontario and also across Canada Many of these are novel “natural” products that possess antioxidant propertiesIn Conclusion… Trees and waste products from the forest industries serve as a reservoir for valuable raw materials for the natural products industries, both existing (traditional pharmaceutical) and novel (natural health products and dietary supplement, including antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds)  Bioproducts holds promising future for forest industry. We develop methods for the identification and characterization of phytochemicals and other value added bioproducts and for their efficient extraction.

New era of phytochemistry

https://dc.engconfintl.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1036&amp;context=bioenergy_iv

New era of phytochemistry

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Engineering Conferences International