Batstone, Damien

Hulsen, Tim

Keller, Jurg

English

Engineering Conferences International

Engineering Conferences InternationalECI Digital ArchivesWastewater and Biosolids Treatment and Reuse:Bridging Modeling and Experimental Studies ProceedingsSpring 6-10-2014Purple phototrophic bacteria for nutrient recoveryfrom domestic wastewater treatmentTim HulsenThe University of QueenslandJurg KellerThe University of QueenslandDamien BatstoneThe University of QueenslandFollow this and additional works at: http://dc.engconfintl.org/wbtr_iPart of the Environmental Engineering CommonsThis Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the Proceedings at ECI Digital Archives. It has been accepted for inclusion inWastewater and Biosolids Treatment and Reuse: Bridging Modeling and Experimental Studies by an authorized administrator of ECI Digital Archives.For more information, please contact franco@bepress.com.Recommended CitationTim Hulsen, Jurg Keller, and Damien Batstone, "Purple phototrophic bacteria for nutrient recovery from domestic wastewatertreatment" in "Wastewater and Biosolids Treatment and Reuse: Bridging Modeling and Experimental Studies", Dr. Domenico Santoro,Trojan Technologies and Western University Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2014). http://dc.engconfintl.org/wbtr_i/14Purple phototrophic bacteria for nutrient recovery from domestic wastewater treatment  Wastewater and Biosolids Treatment and Reuse:  Bridging Modeling and Experimental Studies  Otranto, Italy  Tim Hülsen, Prof. Jürg Keller, A. prof Damien Batstone 10 June 2014 • Traditionally, WWTPs aimed to protect downstream users and to remove organics COD, SS  and nutrients P and N instead to recover them.  • View changed in the last decades with the implementation of environmental protection and more stringent discharge limits.   • The term wastewater however is out-dated!  • Currently, industrial and domestic wastewater is no longer regarded as a waste stream that needs to be dealt with, but as a valuable resource for energy, nutrients (N and P) as well as a resource for the production of potable water.  • Waste treatment should be seen as an integral process which aims for the maximisation of resource recovery.   Domestic wastewater Treatment  Phosphorous • Approximately 20% of the mineral phosphorous consumed are excreted by humans. • The mineral phosphorous market could be fully supplied from human and animal excreta streams (depending on national circumstances)  Nutrients Nitrogen  • Approximately 50% of the nitrogen market could be serviced from domestic and industrial waste streams (assuming 4:1 N:P average concentration) • Ammonia is manufactured using the Haber-Bosch process using 12.36 kWh/kg N. Nitrogen manufacturing utilises 1-2% of the world’s energy supply. The world fertilizer consumption (2011/2012 projection) is 139 million tonnes (MT) nitrogen as N and 18 MT phosphorous. Batstone et al. submitted N2 ENERGY ENERGY ENERGY ENERGY Domestic wastewater characteristics (from Verstraete et al, 2009) •  valuable product!? saving for NH4-N production (100000 p.e. ~500000€ @ 0.12cent/kWh per year (cost of Haber-Bosch for 1000kgN) + 80000 €/year for N Conventional Wastewater Treatment N2↑ (~70 - 90% of N) + CO2↑ (~45% of COD) Equalisation  Tank Prim. Clarifier Sec. Clarifier Nitrification  Sludge return Denitrification  Sec. Sludge Prim. sludge Denitrification: 6NO3- + 5CH3OH + 6H+  3N2 + 5CO2 + 13H2O   3N2↑ + 5C 2↑ + Biomass  Nitrification: NH4+ + 2O2  NO3- + 2H+ + H2O   2O2 Biomass Contains COD, N and P Equalisation  Tank Prim. Clarifier Sec. Clarifier Nitrification  Denitrification  Sludge return    Digester  CH4  NH4+  PO42- Centifuge P & N removal Anammox Conventional Wastewater Treatment Struvite N2 Equalisation  Tank Prim. Clarifier Sec. Clarifier A-step or anaerobic step e.g.AMBR    Digester  CH4  NH4+  PO42- Centifuge P & N removal Anammox A-step/AMBR-Anammox Struvite Anammox N2 PPB Alternative concept Partitioning-Release-Recovery PPB Enrichment-RWW anaerobically with UV-VIS absorbing foil 02-10 03-10 04-10 06-10 08-10 0102030405060701001502002503003504000 50 100 150 200 250PO4-P (x 10) NH4-N (mg/L) and OD660(x 100)COD removal (mg/L)Time (hours)PO4-PNH4-NCOD(S)OD660PPBIR lightt=148 h t=170 h t=190 ht=27 h t=100 hCOD, NH4-N and PO4-P removal 05101520253035404501002003004005006007000 5 10 15 20Time (hours)PO4-P and NH4-N (mg/L)VFA-COD (mg/L) HAc addedCOD(S)VFA-CODNH4-NPO4-PSCOD/N/P ratio: 100/8.6/1.5 Domestic wastewater treatment with purple phototrophic bacteria using a novel continuous photo anaerobic membrane bioreactor • Illumination 50W m-2  • Anaerobic • Domestic wastewater batch-wise spiked with ethanol (500 mg L-1)  • Reactor feed continuously • VS around 4 g L-1      Continuous photo anaerobic membrane bioreactor operation 01020304050607080901000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130Removal efficiencies (%)Time (days) PO4-P NH4-N TCOD SCOD TN TP24h HRT 12h HRTParameter AVG effluent STDEV AVG effluent STDEVmg L-1 % % mg L-1 % %NH4-N 1.2 97.3 4.4 1.7 97.2 4.7TN 4.8 93 6.5 4.1 96.9 4.9PO4-P 0.1 98.4 2.7 0.4 93.1 10TP 0.2 98.7 0.5 0.47 93 9.4TCOD 65 95 1.3 74 93.4 2.112 hours HRT, 2.1 days SRT24 hours HRT, 3.4 days SRTPerformance data 05101520253000.511.522.533.544.50.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00HRT (days)VLR (kg m-3d-1) and membrane flux (l m-2h-1)DateVLR TCOD VLR NH4-N Membrane Flux HRTProcess parameter SLR of activated sludge process: 0.2 – 1.0 gCOD/gVSS/d  and of 0.05 – 0.1 kgN/kgVSS/d  PPB ~ 1.0 gCOD/gVSS/d and 0.03 kgN/kgVSS/d  VLR of extended aeration reactors, oxidation ditches or anaerobic ponds 0.2 – 0.6 kgCOD/m3/d  VLR of conventional activated sludge and membrane bioreactor processes  1.2 – 3.2 kgCOD/m3/d     *(assuming 49%  growth in terms of COD) **non acidified WW (assuming 21% growth based on CODremoved) ***acidified WWT (assuming 6%)  SCOD/N/P ratios SCOD/N SCOD/PAerobic* 4.2 0.9Anaerobic** 1.8 0.4Anaerobic *** 0.5 0.1PPB24h HRT 5.1 0.812h HRT 5.6 0.8PPB Full energy and nutrient recovery from domestic wastewater by purple phototrophic bacteria – anaerobic release potential Enrichent for BMP test Enrichent for BMP test Bottle AVG SCOD/N/PBottle 1 100/9.73/1.29Bottle 2 100/7.71/1.03Bottle 3 100/9.31/1.09Bottle 4 100/8.89/1.15Bottle 5 100/8.77/1.15Bottle 6 100/7.89/0.98AVG Bottle 1-6 100/8.7 (±0.79)*/1.11 (±0.11)0501001502002503003504004500 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40AVG Corrected Methane (ml per g VS added)Time (days)100W/m2 +HAc 50W/m2 + HAc 20W/m2 + HAclast 50W/m2 thermophilic TPAD BMP conti mesoBMP conti thermo BMP conti TPADComparable/better than WAS COD release • Mesophilic release: Sludge produced 0.9 gVSproduced gSCODremoved-1 with TCOD/VS ratio of the sludge around 1.9 (normal is 1.4)  AVG (n = 12) 1.7 gTCODproduced gSCODremoved-1          CH4-COD release: 0.6 - 0.7 gCH4-COD gVSadded-1  COD release 67 - 78% • TPAD recovery: 0.8 gCH4-COD gVSadded-1  COD release 89%  N release • NH-4-N release (VSremoved) is between 104 and 135 mg (10.4 and 13.4%) based the SCOD/N ratio of 100/8.7 (± 0.79). Released faster that the VS is degraded! • NH4-N release (VSadded) is between 47 and 100% of the total NH4-N assimilated.  P release • The PO4-P releasey ranged between 15 and 25 mg g VSremoved-1 (1.5 and 2.5%). Released faster that the VS is degraded!  • The PO4-P release (VSadded) is between 72 and 91% based the SCOD/P ratio of 100/1.11 (±0.11) measured during the PPB growth.    COD and Nutrient release PPB Nutrient recovery technologies N and P recovery  • Chemical precipitaion      - struvite      - Calcium phosphate • Ion exchange  • Magnetic (magnetite attachment) • Recovery from sludge ash N recovery • AMFER stripping with air • ARP/CAST (vacuum distillation) • Evaporation • Ion exchange • LGL stripping (rotating discs) • Nutritec (Turbotec) • Partial freezing • RO   Conclusions and future work • Reliable enrichment of the target microbes from wastewater directly through application of infra-red light, showing that culture can be directed by this method with short start-up times. • Good reactivity to carbon and nutrients present in wastewater. • Proof of ability/concept to remove nutrients to discharge limits (N ~ 5 mg L-1; P ~ 0.5 mg L-1). • Potential one reactor set-up for domestic wastewater treatment • Nutrients can be partitioned and released  recovered!    Conclusions and future work • Increased cost due to illumination • Additional COD dosing required to reach low N and P levels, costs of transport, storage, … • Thickening of the biomass, centrifuges, filter press, flocculation!?  • SRT control • NH4-N toxicity in digester         Conclusions and future work  • Savings of aeration • One main treatment tank, rest site-stream Volume saving, cocking in one pan instead of 2 - 3! • COD and nutrient recovery with products (TPAD potential!?)              valuable product!? saving for NH4-N production (100000 p.e. ~500000€ @ 0.12cent/kWh (cost of Haber-Bosch for 1000kgN) • Illumination with solar energy – solar panels!? • Illuminated plates and attached growth  almost no energy for thickening, biomass separation and membranes. • PPB biomass itself as a product!??? Organic fertilizer, (food chicken or fish farming—LEGISLATION), Carotenoids as vitamins… • Industrial application e.g. abbatoir….  OPTIONS Sustainability, energy neutrality and cost neutrality is not always the same     Acknowledgement Thanks!!!!! Questions!!?? 

Purple phototrophic bacteria for nutrient recovery from domestic wastewater treatment

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Purple phototrophic bacteria for nutrient recovery from domestic wastewater treatment

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