The catchment in Republic of Kosova can be divided in basins of the rivers as following:
Basin of Drini i Bardhë in village Radavc, Peja municipality, basin of river Ibër, Mitrovica
municipality, basin of river Morava e Binçës, Gjilani municipality and basin of river Lepenci in
Kaçanik municipality. The watershed of Bistrica e Deqanit, which is subject of this paper
belongs to the basin of Drini i Bardhë which belongs to the Adriatic Sea catchment

Daka, Sylejman

Fazliu, Sali

Islamaj, Musa

Epoka University

2nd International Balkans Conference on Challenges of Civil Engineering, BCCCE, 23-25 May 2013, Epoka University, Tirana, Albania920Study on the utilization of waters of ‘Deçani Bistrica’ river basin1Musa Islamaj, 2Sylejman Daka, 3Sali Fazliu1Department of Civil Engineering, EPOKA University, Albania2Department of Civil Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli, TurkeyAbstractThe catchment in Republic of Kosova can be divided in basins of the rivers as following:Basin of Drini i Bardhë in village Radavc, Peja municipality, basin of river Ibër, Mitrovicamunicipality, basin of river Morava e Binçës, Gjilani municipality and basin of river Lepenci inKaçanik municipality. The watershed of Bistrica e Deqanit, which is subject of this paperbelongs to the basin of Drini i Bardhë which belongs to the Adriatic Sea catchment.The river “Lumëbardhi” is one of the rivers of Kosovo, which has a fairly stable flow, ouropinion is that the average flow ofQav=4.72 m³\s (1)is quite high and has a long time duration. Other characteristic valuesQmin = 0.960 m³\s (2)AndQmax = 152.2 m³\s, (3)are in different time intervals and suitable for use.River “Lumëbardhi” of Deçani has nearly 6.13 % from the surface of catchment of river“Drini i Bardhë” . The average of rainfall perennial is Hsh.v.mes. =1090 mm.This river has other positive features which make it more interesting for the study. In “Drini iBardhë” stream around 350.00 nmm, while the highest quota of basin is nearly 2 400.00 nmm,It will be a detailed analysis of the quantity of water which can be accumulated and used for:a. Water Supplyb. Irrigation for agriculturalc. Production of electric hydropower andd. RecreationThe analysis should be made on that way that all concerned parties for water to meettheir demands.2nd International Balkans Conference on Challenges of Civil Engineering, BCCCE, 23-25 May 2013, Epoka University, Tirana, Albania921IntroductionUtilization of waters of Deçani Bistrica riverWater demands continue to increase. Meetings the needs of all interested for pure water isbecoming more and more difficult as our water resources are limited. Every conversation, maythat be in politics, economy, culture, health or other, begins with the word water. Is there water?What is the amount of water? Will there be non-stop drinking water, water for industry, foragriculture, etc? This is the conversation in any political presentation when there are tendenciesto govern a country.In all partisan presentation or when a political conversation takes place, it is stated orpromised that the drinking water system will be constructed or improved, or the system ofremoving sewage or constructing facilities to protection from floods, there will be water fordrinking, irrigation, etc.In any economy planning, among the key priority elements as the raw substance whichneeds to be secured in having sufficient amounts is in fact having a sufficient amount of purewater. Then one should secure sufficient amounts and high quality water supplies for the needsof the city, industry, and energy, with the exception of road infrastructure.Securing sufficient and proper quality water supplies for the needs of the city impactshealth and culture life, but it also is significant in terms of opportunities to develop a country’ssustainable economy. A country’s studies and plans of water resources are mandatory forsustainable economic plans. Without a carefully devised hydro-economic foundation, waterresources of a country cannot be either preserved or utilized.Water is not an everlasting asset and these resources undergo changes during globalclimate changes. Countries with fluctuation in the water natural balance will not havepossibilities in the region as there would be an increase in the price of water, energyexpenditures for using the water, there will also be additional expenditures for water qualityimprovements for normal economic development.Worldwide, around 3% of the electric energy is used to bringing waters in quotasnecessary for utilization.Necessary measures for the improvement of the quality of water resources are:Facilities intended for water quality improvements are of varying dimensions, dependingon the processes which should be performed to improve water quality. The type and dimensionsof the facilities depend on physical, chemical and bacteriological features of the water as well ason the water amounts obtained for usage. For a most rational usage, several measures should beundertaken: Constructing high-tech equipments Reducing losses in pressure Reducing losses in the flow, and of measures Other efficient for water usage.Image: Classical map, Bistrica differentiated by colors, picture of Kosovo with the riverbasin2nd International Balkans Conference on Challenges of Civil Engineering, BCCCE, 23-25 May 2013, Epoka University, Tirana, Albania922Figure 1  The river basin on the upper part of the flowWater is the element of life in all activities to lead a normal life. The country withoutsufficient amounts of water cannot have state independency. Water resources are a strategicelement for the existence of a state therefore the increase and purification of water resources areof great importance for a society. Development of any state in the world has been closelyconnected to water resources. Since the ancient times water has been the dominating element indeveloping settlements, economies, agricultures and other.Many preliminary studies and analyses are required when intending to use a waterresource. We need to have sufficient knowledge on hydrology, meteorology, topography,geology, hydrology, logical data, etc. Based on accurate analyses conducted on these elements,it is only by using them cautiously that these resources can be used and be protected by basinwaters.It is only when we have knowledge about the amounts of water of a basin in certain timesthat the water resources of a basin can be secured for a sustainable economic development,preservation of people’s health, agricultural development and protection from damages from fullWaters.2nd International Balkans Conference on Challenges of Civil Engineering, BCCCE, 23-25 May 2013, Epoka University, Tirana, Albania923Figure 2 The river bed during the minimal flow of the river‘Topography of the riverDeçani’s Bistrica is located in the South-Western part of the Republic of Kosova. It is apart of the Drini i Bardhe river basin.The source of this river originated from the ‘Accursed Mountains’ and starts at the 2600quota (Kozhnieri Mountain) and flows into Drini i Badhe at the quota of 427.The basin of this river is P=269.90 km² where nearly 30.02 km² are agricultural fields andpastures 69.93 km², forests nearly 98.70 km², bushes 71.60 km².In a longitudinal aspect this river has a highly strong current, particularly on its upperflow. The basin has the shape of the “leaf”. Rainfalls differ greatly on its upper part of the flowcompared with its lower flow.  Around 60% the surface of the basin is covered with varioustrees. The other part of the river is pasture and agricultural land. The basin has a significantdescent from and rainfalls have created the numerous streams. As the climate stretching over theriver basin has significant variations during the seasons, consequently there is a plenty ofgranulated rock and when full waters appear there is also a large carriage and thus the middleand lower part of the flow there are damages of agricultural areas.Figure 3 The river Bistrica e Decanit on its minimal influx  Qmin2nd International Balkans Conference on Challenges of Civil Engineering, BCCCE, 23-25 May 2013, Epoka University, Tirana, Albania924The Deçani Bistrica river has a highly rapid flow. On its upper flow it has a descent ofJ1>8.0% , on its middle flow it has a descent of 1.0%<J2<8.0% and the descent in the lower partof the flow nears atJ3<1.0% . (4)The average steepness of Deçani Bistrica river is= = ( ) = 41.78 ⁄ Javer.= 4.178 %. (5)The average steepness of the river is 4.178%, but at its upper flow the river has a greatersteepness than in the lower or middle flow. Consequently, during rainfalls one can observe acarriage of solid materials and their deposit along the banks but also on the surface ofagricultural lands.Figure 4 The longitudinal profile of Deçani’s Bistrica riverLOWER DESCENTJ3 <1.0%MIDDLE DESCENT1.0%<J2 <8.0%UPPER DESCENTJ2>8.0%2nd International Balkans Conference on Challenges of Civil Engineering, BCCCE, 23-25 May 2013, Epoka University, Tirana, Albania925Figure 5 Ground water bodies in the Drini i Bardhe basinHydrology A station for measuring the river influx is located in the river. It includes approximately114 km² or 42% of the total surface area. The measuring station is installed at 675.19 quota which was first installed in year 1953(Lata, then Linography).It s mentioned above that the river has only one point of recording the influx. This spot islocated at the 30th km, which has approximately 42% of the water-collecting surface, there is noother profile even though we consider the surface area of 42% to be very small in comparison tothat of total surface area of the basin and other points ought to be installed in order to performaccurate influx measurements.The water-collector of the Deçani river is “leaf”-shaped which runs from the mountains ofKozhneri at the 2253 quota and flows into Drini i Bardhe at the 427 quota.Measurements have been recorded since 1953 but there have been intermittentinterruptions.The average flowQaver. =4.72m³/sec (6)– the average monthly and annual flow.Meanwhile, based on mathematical calculation, according to Gumbel’s distribution, wecome up withExtension of ground water bodies in the Drini i Bardhe river basinDrini basin boundaryTUN boundariesCarbonates 11-12TUN numbers2nd International Balkans Conference on Challenges of Civil Engineering, BCCCE, 23-25 May 2013, Epoka University, Tirana, Albania926Qmax,50years=90m³/sec (7)whereasQ90,100years=123 m³/sec. (8)Q50%100years=163 m³/sec, (9)Q90%100years=227 m³/sec, (10)at certain moments, the river records very high influx volume.MeteorologyMeteorology stations to record rainfalls and temperatures are also installed in the region ofDecani Bistrica.This river has F=114.6 km2 with a longitude L=52km. The distance from the center of the watercollector is 9 km, the concentration factor is K=2F/04=0.49and the average descent is= = ( ) = 41.78 ⁄ . (11)At the inflow of Deçani Bistrica, based on measurements, the rainfall values are:Average annual amount of rainfalls for a dry year is 870mm/y.Average annual amount of rainfalls for year with average humidity is 1090mm/vAverage annual amount of rainfalls for a humid year is 1090mm/vAverage annual amount of rainfall for a humid year is 1295 mm/vMeanwhile, for rainfalls in the upper part of the basin are H=1200mm/v in Gjakova, thenearest station. So, in year 1960 rainfall amounting at H1=1600-900mm/year have beenrecorded – very rich in rainfalls – a humid year, whereas for a dry year we have H=1100mm –700 mm.Average snow days in the upper part vary from 19-12 to 25-03.:Table 1 Average temperature in Peja by seasonWinter Spring Summer Autumn1+1ºC 10.9ºC 20.4ºC 12.1ºCIn the upper parts these values are significantly lower.2nd International Balkans Conference on Challenges of Civil Engineering, BCCCE, 23-25 May 2013, Epoka University, Tirana, Albania927Figure 6 Drini i Bardhe basin with hydrometric stations and manual rain meters.RiversBasin boundaryManual rain meterHydrometric stations2nd International Balkans Conference on Challenges of Civil Engineering, BCCCE, 23-25 May 2013, Epoka University, Tirana, Albania928GeologyThe river basin extends at a surface areas of F=    which is covered with layers of limerocks which destruct under the temperature’s influence and then, in a form of sand, it is carriedover when full waters come in. Carbon rocks, lime and sedimentary rock dominate from organicremains. In the middle basin and in the lower part of the basin there are layers of rocks and sandforms from the breakaway of lime rocks and waters carried them over when full waters came in.The carriage contained rocks of varying diameters over 1.0 m. and sand of varying fractions.Photo 4 Snowfalls in the upper part of the riverDepending on the amount of water during influxes, carriage of solid materials with adiameter D>Tm occursCarriage of solid materials and their deposit on the surface areas nearby the riverbed ofDecani Bistrica.ConclusionBased on this study, can be concluded:This study shall present an analysis of possibilities in utilizing waters of the ‘DeçaniBistrica’ river basin in an optimal manner. We will use the most recent methods for the analysisof most optimal solutions in the utilizations of water resources by meeting the demands of allinterested for water.Living in the century of global crisis in the world (lack of energy and water), especially inthe Republic of Kosovo, the idea is to use renewable energy sources. Among of these resourcesis the hydro-energy of Kosovo. Therefore it is very important to study and use it as soon aspossible.2nd International Balkans Conference on Challenges of Civil Engineering, BCCCE, 23-25 May 2013, Epoka University, Tirana, Albania929References[1] Hydrological yearbook, Hydro meteorological Institute of Kosovo.[2] Review of Hydro economic base of Kosovo, Institute for Hydro economy “JarosllavÇerni”, Beograd,1983[3] Hydrology of Kosovo: Peja-Hydro meteorological Institute.[4] European Community: Report on construction and development in Kosovo that Kosovohydro economics Basics.[5] Hydrometeorological Institute of Kosovo: 25 Years Hydrometeorologi in Kosovo.[6] Peja Regional Irrigation Company

Study on the utilization of waters of ‘Deçani Bistrica’ river basin

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Study on the utilization of waters of ‘Deçani Bistrica’ river basin

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