The acquisition, generation, storage and processing of multimedia data incomputers and transmission over networks have grown tremendously in the recentpast. A multimedia database management system must support multimedia datatypes in addition to providing facilities for traditional DBMS function like databasecreation, data modeling, data retrieval, data access and organization, and dataindependence.In this paper we present several aspects of multimedia databases. Most ofthe classical database systems are extended to support the storage of multimediadata. This paper will focus on oracle database and in its datatypes for supporting thestorage and management of multimedia data, known as Intermedia. It is also shownthe architecture, configuration and implementation of video streaming. All themultimedia data are stored inside the oracle database so they will be undertransactional control. The implementation uses several tables to demonstrate all theprocess for doing it in the Oracle database with Helix server. We have created theprocedures in PL/SQL for inserting, retrieving the video and we have also used aPL/SQL package integrated with PHP script in order to help users to makesearching using keywords

Denada XHAJA

Eriglen GANI

Silvana GRECA

Epoka University

“1st International Symposium on Computing in Informatics and Mathematics (ISCIM 2011)”in Collabaration between EPOKA University and “Aleksandër Moisiu” University of Durrëson June  2-4 2011, Tirana-Durres, ALBANIA158Multimedia Database Systems and Oracle Video StreamingSilvana GRECA1, Denada XHAJA2, Eriglen GANI31,2,3 Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana-ALBANIAEmail: silvana.greca@depinfo.info, dxhaja@gmail.com, neglire@gmail.comABSTRACTThe acquisition, generation, storage and processing of multimedia data incomputers and transmission over networks have grown tremendously in the recentpast. A multimedia database management system must support multimedia datatypes in addition to providing facilities for traditional DBMS function like databasecreation, data modeling, data retrieval, data access and organization, and dataindependence.In this paper we present several aspects of multimedia databases. Most ofthe classical database systems are extended to support the storage of multimediadata. This paper will focus on oracle database and in its datatypes for supporting thestorage and management of multimedia data, known as Intermedia. It is also shownthe architecture, configuration and implementation of video streaming. All themultimedia data are stored inside the oracle database so they will be undertransactional control. The implementation uses several tables to demonstrate all theprocess for doing it in the Oracle database with Helix server. We have created theprocedures in PL/SQL for inserting, retrieving the video and we have also used aPL/SQL package integrated with PHP script in order to help users to makesearching using keywords.Keywords: multimedia database, data type, ordvideo, helix server, streaming,procedure, oracle1. INTRODUCTIONA Multimedia Database Management System must support multimedia datatypes in addition to providing facilities for traditional DBMS functions like databasecreation, data modeling, data retrieval, data access and organization, and dataindependence [1]. The contents of MMDBMS are: media data, media format data,media keyword data and media feature data [2]. The huge amount of data indifferent multimedia-related applications warranted to have databases as databasesprovide consistency, concurrency, integrity, security and availability of data, queryand retrieval of data.“1st International Symposium on Computing in Informatics and Mathematics (ISCIM 2011)”in Collabaration between EPOKA University and “Aleksandër Moisiu” University of Durrëson June  2-4 2011, Tirana-Durres, ALBANIA159Oracle interMedia is a feature that enables Oracle Database to store,manage, and retrieve images, audio, video, or other heterogeneous media data in anintegrated fashion with other enterprise information [3]. It extends Oracle Databasereliability, availability, and data management to multimedia content with the newdata types, ORDImage, ORDAudio and ORDVideo [3].In this paper we show the implementation of an application which usesoracle database and helix server to do video streaming. The application provides themanagement (insert, update, delete) of different subject, their topics and the videosfor each topic, considering this application as a teleteaching environment.2. THE CONFIGURATION OF ENVIRONMENT AND THE DATABASEIn this project we have used oracle server 10g r2 on windows xp sp2 andoracle database client v11.1.0.6. The directory Bin of oracle and the path of clientare included in the Path to Environment Variables of operating systems. Helixserver is a program which is able to do streaming video and audio. It is the mostpowerful server software for streaming media [4]. Oracle Multimedia Plug-in 3.0for RealNetworks Streaming Server enables the connection between Oracle Serverand Helix Server so by making possible video streaming directly from the Oracledatabase to a client. The most important point is the configuration of a wallet, whichallows the connection to Oracle Server without the need of writing username andpassword. In this way is achieved a higher security. After creation of the wallet it isnecessary to modify the sqlnet.ora file in a way that any attempt for login must passfrom the created wallet. In the same way we must configure the tnsnames.ora filewhere we add some other lines for the alias created at the wallet. Then we haveconfigured a mount point in Helix Server which will be the point to communicatewith oracle server. We have created a role Menaxher, given to it the necessaryprivileges and granted to it the users. For the application we have also used Wampserver, Zend Studio, Php, realplayer and totalvideo converter.The most important tables of our database are: “Lendet” (subject),“Leksionet” (topics) and “Videot” (videos). One subject can have more then onetopics and a topic may have more then one video related to it. We have also createdthe appropriate tables for roles and users. The most special table is ”videot” becauseis used the ordvideo datatype:create table videot(id number not null primary key,leksion_id number not null,video ordsys.ordvideo not null,data date default sysdate not nullconstraint fk_videot_leksionetforeign key(leksion_id) references leksionet(id) on deletecascade);“1st International Symposium on Computing in Informatics and Mathematics (ISCIM 2011)”in Collabaration between EPOKA University and “Aleksandër Moisiu” University of Durrëson June  2-4 2011, Tirana-Durres, ALBANIA160A video is stored in a field of type ORDSYS.ORDVideo. This is not aprimitive type, but an aggregate type created by this syntax: CREATE TYPEORDVideo AS Object ... [5]. This type has some attributes and methods. It isnecessary to store the binary information of the video and some other informationsuch as: number of frames, the video duration, the frame rate, the dimension of thevideo, the number of colours, the resolution of the frame, the format of videos,MIME type. Video is stored in ORDSource which has some attributes where themost important is the field that actually saves the video of type BLOB.3. GENERATION OF VIDEO STREAMING3.1 Video streaming architectureThere are two ways to view a media file which is downloaded from theinternet. The first way concerns to downloading all the media file from the internetand then the file can be seen, and the second way has to do with the viewing while itis downloading into the buffer memory of the computer, therefore it can be seenalmost simultaneously with the downloading from the internet. There are also twoways to store the information of media type, such as audio and the video, which are:either as file or in a database. In this paper the project deals with the videostreaming with information obtained from the database. The request for streaming ismade by the client, when he writes an address (URL) in any program that readsaudio or video media files such as Windows Media Player, QuickTime, RealPlayer,or from any Web Browser. The request for video streaming is sent to the server onthe port 8090 (arbitrarily defined) with the HTTP protocol (the case of WebBrowser), or in the port 554 through RTSP protocol. Helix Server that listens tothese two ports, after receiving the request, calls the Oracle plug-in that is as anintermediary between Helix Server and Oracle, and sends a request to get the video.The Helix understands that this request for video is directed to Oracle, from thename of the mount point specified in the URL. From Helix, the Oracle plug-in isgiven the ID of the video, the name of the PL/SQL procedure that will make queryto the database, and the Database Connection String as is shown in figure 1. Theprocedure makes a query to the relevant table to get the video.“1st International Symposium on Computing in Informatics and Mathematics (ISCIM 2011)”in Collabaration between EPOKA University and “Aleksandër Moisiu” University of Durrëson June  2-4 2011, Tirana-Durres, ALBANIA161Figure 1 The architecture of video streaming using helix server and oracle serverThe procedure which take the video is:Create or Replace Procedure MerrVideo(idin in integer, TeDhena out blob,TipMime out varchar2) asobj ordys.ordvideo;tmp blob;mime varchar(200);format varchar2(31);ctx raw(64) :=null;BeginSelect video into obj from videotwhere id  = idin;dbms_lob.createtemporary(tmp, true, 10);obj.getContentInLob(ctx, tmp, mime, format);TeDhena:= tmp;TipMime:= mime;COMMIT;Exceptionwhen no_data_found then dbms_output.put_line(‘Video me këtë ID nukekziston’);end MerrVideo;This procedure has three parameters, an IN which gets the id of thevideo, and two OUT. Initially, it makes a query to the table that holds the videos,and the result, if any, is placed on the variable “obj”, if there is no result then theexception is called implicitly. Next, we create the “tmp” variable withWindows MediaPlayer/RealPlayer/QuickTime/Plug-in for browser Helix Server 14RTSP/HTTP/MMSPL/SQL ProcedureTableOracle Plug-in“1st International Symposium on Computing in Informatics and Mathematics (ISCIM 2011)”in Collabaration between EPOKA University and “Aleksandër Moisiu” University of Durrëson June  2-4 2011, Tirana-Durres, ALBANIA162CreateTemporary procedure of the package DBMS_LOB, which means that thevalue that will hold this variable will exist as long as will exist the session, so thevalue of the last parameter is 10, otherwise the value of this variable will exist untilthe end of this function call. Afterward, we use the method getContentInLob whichtakes 4 parameters. From this method of ORDVideo, we get the video from theBlob of ORDSource and the Mime type. These values are assigned to the last twoparameters of our procedure. When the request is made by the browser, HelixServer generates a metadata information, a file with the extension Ram. This fileshows to the browser the MIME type of multimedia information, which was takenfrom “MerrVideo” procedure. Based on the MIME type, the browser calls theappropriate program’s plug-in which is able to interpret the information. In thisproject, we have used video with RealVideo format. When the browser obtains theRam file, it calls the RealPlayer plug-in, and then begins to display the video (in asection within the website). If the RealPlayer is not installed, the video is notdisplayed. We can write:rtsp://localhost:554/live/23http://localhost:8090/ramgen/live/23When it is made a request for video, in the URL that uses HTTP protocol, theword ramgen commands the Helix to generate the metadata Ram file.3.2 Architecture of the application and implementationThis application, which is a web based, displays in a web browser a menuwith the list of subjects and the list of topics for each subject (after clicking one ofthe subjects). When it is clicked one of the topics, are displayed some “links” withthe videos of the appropriate topic. A topic may contain more than one video. Theapplication also provides the opportunity to add topics or other subjects, all thesemay be generated dynamically.Figure 2 shows that two different server applications send data to the clientbrowser, Helix Server which does the video streaming, so inside the browser itdownloads and displays the video, while the other, Apache Server generatesdynamically the data received from Oracle, the php files that are on the servergenerate dynamic data.Figure 2 Architecture of applicationClientServerBrowserHelix ServerOracleApache Server andPHP“1st International Symposium on Computing in Informatics and Mathematics (ISCIM 2011)”in Collabaration between EPOKA University and “Aleksandër Moisiu” University of Durrëson June  2-4 2011, Tirana-Durres, ALBANIA163These Php files read the database tables, and display in the client browserthe links for the menu of the list of subjects, topics and links of the appropriatevideos, while Apache Server is doing the interpretation of these Php files. This wayfacilitates the users, just with a few clicks from their browser, they display therespective video, without the need to write the URL of the video, while ApacheServer and Php generate the appropriate link of the video. It is important to mentionthat both server applications, Apache Server and Helix Server are located in theserver and communicate with the Oracle database.Initially we display a menu with the list of subjects, in a way that will bemore easily for the user to choose the right topic and then the related videos. This isdone by the page “menu.php”.A link from the dynamic generation is:<a href=”lenda.php?id=5” target=”trupi”>Baza të dhënash</a>When this link is clicked, in the HTML frame called “trupi”, all the topics of thesubject “Baza të dhënash” are displayed. When the user clicks on one of the topics,it is called another web page named “leksione.php” which displays all the relatedvideos.The most important fragment of the code of the page “lenda.php” is:<?php$lidhja = oci_connect(videostream, videostream, ‘orcl’);$query = oci_parse($lidhja, "Select id, emri_leksionit From leksionet Wherelenda_id = :t_id;");$id = $_REQUEST[‘id’];oci_bind_by_name($query, ':t_id', $id);oci_execute($query);while($fusha = oci_fetch_array($query)) {echo “<a href=’leksioni.php?id=”.$fusha[‘id’].”’ target=’_self’> “ .$fusha[‘emri_leksionit’] . “</a><br /><br />”;}oci_close($lidhja);?>The query has a condition, which should be given a dynamic value, to getonly the topics of the clicked subject. This value is get from the Php variable thatholds the id of the subject clicked by the user. The clicked link generates an URLsuch as http://localhost/lenda.php?id=5. Through $_REQUEST we get the value ofthe id parameter of URL, and assign it to the variable $id. The query is executed,and then through the while cycle are generated the topics. The user can click oneach of the generated links and then it is directed to another page called“leksioni.php”, which displays all the videos of the topic. The most important partof the code of page leksioni.php is given:<?php$lidhja = oci_connect(videostream, videostream, ‘orcl’);$query = oci_parse($lidhja, "SELECT id FROM videot WHERE leksion_id= :t_id;");$id = $_REQUEST[‘id’];“1st International Symposium on Computing in Informatics and Mathematics (ISCIM 2011)”in Collabaration between EPOKA University and “Aleksandër Moisiu” University of Durrëson June  2-4 2011, Tirana-Durres, ALBANIA164oci_bind_by_name($query, ':t_id', $id);oci_execute($query);while($fusha = oci_fetch_array($query)) {?><embed src=http://localhost:8090/ramgen/live/<?php echo $fusha[‘id’]; ?>type="audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin" autostart=”false” hidden=”false”loop=”false” volume=”50”></embed><?php}oci_close($lidhja);?>The embed tag serves to display the video in the relevant application which iscalled by the browser based on mime type define by the type attribute. The link ofthe video is assigned to the src attribute where it is specified and the id taken fromthe query. When the browser makes a request with this URL, Helix server takes theid located at the end of the URL. The helix gives this id and the name of theprocedure to Oracle plug-in, which should be called to stream this video. Figure 3display the video streaming for a topic and figure 4 display topics details for aspecific subject.Figure 3 Video streaming“1st International Symposium on Computing in Informatics and Mathematics (ISCIM 2011)”in Collabaration between EPOKA University and “Aleksandër Moisiu” University of Durrëson June  2-4 2011, Tirana-Durres, ALBANIA165Figure 4 The details of topics for a subject3.3 Searching the topics by the title and keywordsTo search for a topic (indirectly this is a search for the video) we have usedtwo elements: the title of the topics and keywords. The keywords must be separatedfrom each other only by space, and should not be used characters like ë or ç. Toaccomplish this we have used two procedures, one is used to search for words in thetitle, while the other deals with the search of words placed in the keywords field.These procedures display in browser through Php a list of topics that contain wordsthat the user is searching, either in the title or in the keywords. A significant part ofthis work is done from the Php script in the page “kerko.php”. The results will bedisplayed, if something is found. The written words will be search initially as ahole, than if there are more than one word, each of them will be placed into a Phparray, and will be compared to the topics and the keywords. This algorithm isoriented by the Albanian language. In this kind of search, names are used moreoften than verbs. In Albanian language, the names change the suffix in a differentway from those in English. For this reason, in general the names do not change bymore than two letters assuming that the root of word in Albanian do not change,there are also exceptions from the general case. According to this algorithm, wordswith one or two characters will not be taken in consideration, because they are notconsidered as “words” and the searching is done by deleting one, two or threecharacters from the word.“1st International Symposium on Computing in Informatics and Mathematics (ISCIM 2011)”in Collabaration between EPOKA University and “Aleksandër Moisiu” University of Durrëson June  2-4 2011, Tirana-Durres, ALBANIA1664. CONCLUSIONIn this paper we have stored the video data in database, this has someadvantages: the data are kept synchronized, secure and as is shown in thisimplementation, the media data can be searched easily. We have shown how toimplement video streaming based on Oracle10g and Helix Server. For doing this,we use Oracle interMedia Plug-in 3.0 for the connection between Oracle databaseand Helix Server as is shown in figure 1. Next, it is shown the architecture ofapplication in figure 2, and the implementation of video streaming. Theimplementation is done by using pl/sql procedures and php scripts. The user has thepossibility to search the database by the topics or keywords to find the appropriatetopics. The system and application improves the management, security andconvenience of video data by using the object type ORDVideo. Nowadays, the sizeof database is not more a problem because of advances in hardware technology.REFERENCES[1] H. Kosch and M. Döller, “Multimedia database systems: Where are wenow?,” Special Session Talk to be given at the IASTED DBA-Conference in Innsbruck, February 2005.[2] Keerthana, Kiran (2010). Multimedia Databases.http://blog.unsri.ac.id/userfiles/[3] Oracle® interMedia User's Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2) B14302-01, June2005[4] Helix systems integration guide. ©2010 RealNetworks, Inc.[5] Oracle® interMedia Reference 10g Release 2 (10.2) B14297-01, June2005

Multimedia Database Systems and Oracle Video Streaming

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Multimedia Database Systems and Oracle Video Streaming

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