Growth of animation’s 3D caused by progressing in computer

graph especially technic in environment mapping.

This way is very useful in creating an animation becoming

real. This technic generally is implementation using application

OpenGl. In Environment Mapping has divided into 3

parts which are Paraboloid Mapping, Sphere Mapping, and

Cube Mapping. From all this technic which is very interested

the progress by scientist is Cube Mapping. Because

of that, this paper will present the differences between Cube

Mapping and Dynamic Cube.

In this paper will focus on the explanation about the beginning

of Cube Mapping including the development which

is done by Cube Mapping up to have characteristic and it

is dynamic which is well known as Dynamic Cube Mapping.

Beside that, there will be explanation about superiority

Cube Mapping and Dynamic Cube Mapping, differences

between Cube Mapping and Dynamic Cube Mapping, and

the development of Cube Mapping becoming Dynamic Cube

Mapping which is generally using application from OpenGl

and conclusion from Cube Mapping and Dynamic Cube

Mapping. With this paper, hope for we know about ways

of environment mapping especially Dynamic Cube Mapping

and then we can implement this ways into all of objects to

create the high art’s creation

Trihasa, Deni

W, Eri Prasetyo

Yuliyanti, Anne

Gunadarma University Repository

WOSOC 2008 - Workshop on Open Source and Open Content, 1-3 December 2008, Bali - Indonesia115Differences Of Cube Mapping and Dynamic Cube MappingAnne Yuliyanti & Deni TrihasaGunadarma UniversityFaculty of Industrial TechnologyIndonesiaanne sweetacoholic@yahoo.comdeni lugito@yahoo.comEri Prasetyo W.Gunadarma UniversityJl. Margonda Raya 100 DepokIndonesiaeri@staff.gunadarma.ac.idAbstractGrowth of animation’s 3D caused by progressing in com-puter graph especially technic in environment mapping.This way is very useful in creating an animation becomingreal. This technic generally is implementation using appli-cation OpenGl. In Environment Mapping has divided into 3parts which are Paraboloid Mapping, Sphere Mapping, andCube Mapping. From all this technic which is very inter-ested the progress by scientist is Cube Mapping. Becauseof that, this paper will present the differences between CubeMapping and Dynamic Cube.In this paper will focus on the explanation about the be-ginning of Cube Mapping including the development whichis done by Cube Mapping up to have characteristic and itis dynamic which is well known as Dynamic Cube Map-ping. Beside that, there will be explanation about superior-ity Cube Mapping and Dynamic Cube Mapping, differencesbetween Cube Mapping and Dynamic Cube Mapping, andthe development of Cube Mapping becoming Dynamic CubeMapping which is generally using application from OpenGland conclusion from Cube Mapping and Dynamic CubeMapping. With this paper, hope for we know about waysof environment mapping especially Dynamic Cube Mappingand then we can implement this ways into all of objects tocreate the high art’s creation.Keywords:OpenGL,Dinamic Cube Mapping, EnvironmentMapping,texture1 BackgroundDevelopment of computer graphic in this moment hasgrew up quickly. In computer graphic which is one of fieldin scient that processing an input from an object and pro-cess that input which could be model or picture that hav-ing useful information. One of field from computer graphichave been developed of scientist there is creating environ-ment mapping for animation 3D especially in cube whichhas been known as Cube Mapping and now have grew upbecoming Dynamic Cube Mapping.This case has been improved by appearing of Cube Map-ping research that is Nvdia have done. Nvdia have tried todevelop any tools for creating right Cube Mapping which isfor quality of cartoon graphic that have been resulted in-creasing cause of technic of Cube Mapping is a graphicstandard that have been decided since appearing of Di-rectX7 which is background the writer to discussed aboutdynamic cube deeper.2 Sphere MappingCreating sphere map is using photograph a lighting ballor like as shown by lens of fish’s eye. This technic couldbe called as Half Sphere Mapping. Unfortunately, this tech-nic is generally only useful for resulting an object which islooked in 1 position and 1 point of sight, this case couldnot be avoided. If using this technic and could be resultingreflection satisfying usually need a complicated technic, inpracticing use limitation of object with image warping anddistortion, view-point dependency, the inability to renderreal-time, and the costly human effort and computationaltime required to implemented technic of sphere mapping.3 Cube MappingCube Mapping which is part of environment mappingcould result a good quality of object with aid of hardwarewhich is application of GeForce 625 and supported fullyby DirectX7 and OpenGl which is allowing users to createaccuracy in object including reflection as real. Progress ofdevelopment which could be resulted by this hardware canimplemented cube mapping until creating object is easier.Changes of form in mapping on 6 side of cube, cube map-WOSOC 2008 - Workshop on Open Source and Open Content, 1-3 December 2008, Bali - Indonesia116ping has offered development of an object easily to createunnerved of reflection from an object which has resulted.Base on cube mapping, it is development of sphere map-ping and environment mapping. Cube mapping is technicwhich using coordinate texture of 3D and reflected a texelfrom cube map is gived. Cube or box mapping use 6 indi-vidual square texture which is mapped into a virtual cube,than a single texture which is mapped into virtual sphere.Picture number 3 will show form of cube mapping. Tech-nic which is using by cube mapping is technic used too bysphere mapping in resulting an object satisfying.Figure 1. 6 side of Cube3.1 Ways of Creating Cube Mapping3.1.1 DeclarationIn this part, there will be some of command that must benoticed, that is:1. Window, useful for layer in program2. dglOpenGl, a procedure or class that we will callli-brary of OpenGl3. Graphics, useful in picture, example: size, coordinate,etc.4. Classes, to import texture of picture which is in format”JPEG”5. SysUtils, necessary of other utility’s system3.1.2 Swap Formation BitMap of GBR into RGBIn this section will show codes which approximately withprogram of our OpenGl, that is:1. Creating textureThis part will show code of texture, that is:procedure SwapRGB(data : Pointer; Size: Integer);asmmov ebx, eaxmov ecx, size@@loop :mov al,[ebx+0]mov ah,[ebx+2]mov [ebx+2],almov [ebx+0],ahadd ebx,3dec ecxjnz @@loopend;In this part will shown codes for making texture, thatis:function CreateTexture(Width, Height,Format : Word; pData : Pointer;pMagFilter, pMinFilter : TGLUInt;pTarget :TGLUint) : Integer;varTexture : TGLuint;beginglGenTextures(1, @Texture);glBindTexture(pTarget, Texture);{ Select a filtering type. BiLinearfiltering produces very good resultswith little performance impactGL NEAREST - Basic texture (grainylooking texture)GL LINEAR - BiLinear filteringGL LINEAR MIPMAP NEAREST - Basicmipmapped textureGL LINEAR MIPMAP LINEAR - BiLinearMipmapped texture}glTexParameteri(pTarget,GL TEXTURE MAG FILTER, pMagFilter);glTexParameteri(pTarget,GL TEXTURE MIN FILTER, pMinFilter);if Format = GL RGBA thengluBuild2DMipmaps(pTarget, GL RGBA8,Width, Height, GL RGBA, GL UNSIGNED BYTE,pData)elsegluBuild2DMipmaps(pTarget, GL RGB8,Width, Height, GL RGB, GL UNSIGNED BYTE,pData);result :=Texture;end;WOSOC 2008 - Workshop on Open Source and Open Content, 1-3 December 2008, Bali - Indonesia117Those code depend on texture that we want and we cansearch in code’s OpenGl2. Creating Load BMP Texture , JPEG, and 24 and 32PP(Alpha Channel) TGA TextureThis part will show code of texture which loadingwith BMP texture, JPEG, and 24 and 32PP( Al-pha Channel) TGA Texture which are: functionLoadBMPTexture(Filename: String; varTexture : TGLuint; LoadFromResource :Boolean; pMagFilter, pMinFilter, pTarget: TGLUInt) : Boolean;..end;This code is depending on condition of exception.Thing that we should know that in LoadBMPTexture.In that code, we only chage BMP become kind of pic-ture that we want.3.1.3 RenderingIn Dynamic Cube Mapping there are 6 environment orcalled as 6 side which must be rendered for improvementthe appearance. This is done to get maximal result in 3Dobject. Important thing which is point of differences fromcodes in six side is differences in coordinate in all of cubeincluding vertexs in all of side. This is caused placementside of cubes is different one each other from all coordinate.As follow is codes of environment for side in cube, that is:glBindTexture(GL TEXTURE 2D,EnvironmentBox[2]);glBegin(GL QUADS);// Front FaceglNormal3f( 0.0, 0.0, -1.0);glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(-iBoxSize, -iBoxSize, iBoxSize);glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(iBoxSize, -iBoxSize, iBoxSize);glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(iBoxSize, iBoxSize, iBoxSize);glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(-iBoxSize, iBoxSize, iBoxSize);glEnd;In that codes, seen that size of cube for all side is 8 cm. Inthat codes that coordinate is coordinate 2D which is causedside in cube is come from picture 2D but in cube is picture3d. Changes of 2D into 3D could be done with placementcoordinates in all sides. Beside rendering, thing that mustbe done in this program is repairing from kinds of origi-nal texture becoming new texture which having shape andtexture better that before. This things could be done usingGL TEXTURE CUBE MAP. Function of glTextCoord2f isfor showing coordinate’s texture. Function of glVertex iscreating drop of cube environment mapping.3.1.4 Enable-DisableglEnable(GL TEXTURE CUBE MAP EXT); // Startcube mappingglEnable(GL TEXTURE GEN S);glEnable(GL TEXTURE GEN T);glEnable(GL TEXTURE GEN R);glBindTexture(GL TEXTURE CUBE MAP ARB,CubeMap TEX);drawMetaballs(ElapsedTime);// Restore OpenGL StatesglBindTexture(GL TEXTURE CUBE MAP ARB,0);glDisable(GL TEXTURE CUBE MAP EXT); // StopCube MappingglDisable(GL TEXTURE GEN S);glDisable(GL TEXTURE GEN T);glDisable(GL TEXTURE GEN R);That codes is ways of dynamic cube mapping’s programwhich running texture from cube mapping including meta-ball, is object in center of this environment cube mappingwhich using technic of sphere for displaying.3.1.5 Action EnvironmentMouseMove : boolean = false;MoveXcoord, MoveYcoord : GLfloat;MouseButton : Integer = -1;Xcoord, Ycoord : Integer;In this codes could be seen the movement inMouseMove which gived false value because it is consid-ered that user yet doing movement in beginning when pro-gram is running. While in action MouseBotton given -1 because considered that user yet click and action in thatevent. As follow will show procedure for actions that couldbe happen in dynamic cube’s program, which are movemouse, mouse button, or action key in keyboard.1. Action Mouse Buttonprocedure ProcessMouseClick;begincase MouseButton of1: // Left Mouse ButtonbeginMouseButton := 0;end;2: // Right Mouse ButtonbeginMouseButton := 0;end;3: // Middle Mouse ButtonbeginMouseButton := 0;WOSOC 2008 - Workshop on Open Source and Open Content, 1-3 December 2008, Bali - Indonesia118end;end;end;In action of Mouse Button is every action consideredby user although clicking right, left, or center willcaused value of receiver variable becoming 0 whichmeans true because first value is -1. This action is nottoo involving in program. As follow, this is code show-ing every process movement of mouse which value isfalse: \\beginif MouseMove thenbeginMouseMove := False;end;end;2. Action Keyprocedure ProcessKeys;beginif (keys[VK RIGHT]) then ySpeed :=ySpeed + 0.002;if (keys[VK LEFT]) then ySpeed := ySpeed- 0.002;end;In action key, the right know will cause addition ofspeed from rotation in rendering of dynamic cube map-ping. The other way, left knob cause the rotation be-coming slower. In conclusion, proven of last explana-tion that rotation in dynamic cube could be done withany event in this case with clicking the knob in key-board.3.2 Superiority of Cube MappingImplementation of using cube mapping have impactwhich benefit moreover cube mapping is consolidation of2 technic which come from environment mapping, that issphere mapping and cube mapping. As follow is some ofbeneficial of implementation cube mapping:1. Result is we can mapped is smoother and there is noproblem with visual2. Cube mapping could be economical in using mem-ory, as big as total of texels which amount of couldbe smaller or same for better quality of visual.3. Cube mapping should be running faster, which is ned-ding some of logic as comparison to get final coordi-nate texture from invers of trigonometry function.4. Other profit is cube mapping have 6 side a look whichsize is 90 degrees and could be rendered as actual whenfly and swing.4 Dynamic Cube MappingDynamic Cube Mapping is form mapping of 3D whichpresent some of pictures in one same place into cube un-til creating a dynamic picture along with using a textureto make pretty. Like explanation before that dynamic cubemapping is technic cube mapping which is texture cube mapcould be rendered every single frame. Dynamic Cube Map-ping is development of Cube Mapping. In dynamic cubemapping environment which is mapped in its cube have thequality of dynamic which appropriate with amount of tex-ture in its environment that reflection the light. The aim ofcube mapping is for testing the quality of 3D’ pictures inone of media which is computer especially in card of com-puter graphic(VGA) for resulting environment and textureof a good picture. And, object in dynamic cube mappingcould move as good.4.1 Ways of Creating Dynamic Cube MappingWays of creating dynamic cube mapping is almost samewith cube mapping, but amount of texture that must be ren-dered is more than usual. Basically, technic in creating Dy-namic Cube Mapping is almost same with Cube Mappingwhich are having some of differences in initialization andenvironment mapping whereas for declaration, rendering,and action mouse of disable-enable have same ways withCube Mapping.4.1.1 InitializationUseful for loading images including another process to sup-port that process. This is code for every side of cubes:LoadTexture(’yneg.jpg’,EnvironmentBox[0]);glTexParameterf(GL TEXTURE 2D,GL TEXTURE WRAP S, GL CLAMP);glTexParameterf(GL TEXTURE 2D,GL TEXTURE WRAP T, GL CLAMP);LoadTexture(’ypos.jpg’,EnvironmentBox[1]);glTexParameterf(GL TEXTURE 2D,GL TEXTURE WRAP S, GL CLAMP);glTexParameterf(GL TEXTURE 2D,GL TEXTURE WRAP T, GL CLAMP);LoadTexture(’zneg.jpg’,EnvironmentBox[2]);glTexParameterf(GL TEXTURE 2D,GL TEXTURE WRAP S, GL CLAMP);glTexParameterf(GL TEXTURE 2D,GL TEXTURE WRAP T, GL CLAMP);LoadTexture(’zpos.jpg’,EnvironmentBox[3]);glTexParameterf(GL TEXTURE 2D,GL TEXTURE WRAP S, GL CLAMP);WOSOC 2008 - Workshop on Open Source and Open Content, 1-3 December 2008, Bali - Indonesia119glTexParameterf(GL TEXTURE 2D,GL TEXTURE WRAP T, GL CLAMP);LoadTexture(’xneg.jpg’,EnvironmentBox[4]);glTexParameterf(GL TEXTURE 2D,GL TEXTURE WRAP S, GL CLAMP);glTexParameterf(GL TEXTURE 2D,GL TEXTURE WRAP T, GL CLAMP);LoadTexture(’xpos.jpg’,EnvironmentBox[5]);glTexParameterf(GL TEXTURE 2D,GL TEXTURE WRAP S, GL CLAMP);glTexParameterf(GL TEXTURE 2D,GL TEXTURE WRAP T, GL CLAMP);LoadTexture(’ball.jpg’,Texture ball,false);In this codes seen that every image is merged into vari-able EnvironmentBox with type of array which amountof cube is 6. The aim of this merging is to import side ofcube into every cube. In other hand, this side is take placedwith wrapping technic to handle texture which is overloadthe standard coordinate from OpenGl, which is 0.0 until 1.0.4.1.2 Cube Environment MappingCubeMap Define : array[0..5] of TGLenum = (GL TEXTURE CUBE MAP POSITIVE X ARB,GL TEXTURE CUBE MAP NEGATIVE X ARB,GL TEXTURE CUBE MAP POSITIVE Y ARB,GL TEXTURE CUBE MAP NEGATIVE Y ARB,GL TEXTURE CUBE MAP POSITIVE Z ARB,GL TEXTURE CUBE MAP NEGATIVE Z ARB);From that codes, we could see that codes preparing anenvironment to create dynamic cube mapping. Coordinatethat has prepared is coordinate for cartesian(X,Y,Z) this iscaused environment that wanted to make is environment in3D form. Function of GL TEXTURE CUBE MAP is for ren-dering in every sides which having positive or negative co-ordinate.This is codes for preparing variable to receive textures indynamic cube mapping: varCubeMap TEX : GluInt;Texture ball : GLuint;EnvironmentBox : array [0..5] of GLuint;This variable is used to receive objects’s texture. Func-tion of GluInt is initialization for GLAUT library. Func-tion of GLUT is a interface program which using ANSI Cand FORTRAN which interrelated Windows system whichis not depend on OpenGl program.5 Main Point Of Differences Dynamic Cubeand Cube MappingIn last sections, there have explained about means andaim of why there could create Cube Mapping and DynamicCube Mapping. In this part, aim to explain the main differ-ences of Cube Mapping and Dynamic Cube Mapping whichvery seen from resulted of pictures in top, which are:1. Dynamic Cube Mapping is development or enhance-ment of Cube Mapping2. Lighting of Dynamic Cube Mapping is more look asreal as than Cube Mapping3. Object of Cube Map is static in other hand dynamiccube mapping is dynamic which means that environ-ment of dynamic cube mapping could be changed butin static u will see that is no any changed.4. Shape of mapping in dynamic cube is not look likecube caused changes of environment5. Creating of dynamic cube mapping need cost more ex-pensive than cube mapping which is caused amount oftexture mapping must be rendered more than usual incube mapping. And, this technic will more expensiveif there is reflective of object in its environment.Figure 2. Dynamic Cube and Cube Mapping6 ConclusionsGraphic Computer is field of knowledge which process-ing input of a media then processing that input. This in-put could be models or objects of pictures becoming anuseful of information. Part of graphic computer which isproblem in this paper is cube mapping which developedinto dynamic cube mapping. Cube mapping has done in2 technic Cube Map Environment and Texture. Beside that,is supported by application, using OpenGl then could bedone 4 ways which are preparing environment for DynamicCube Mapping, running and non-activated Cube Mapping,WOSOC 2008 - Workshop on Open Source and Open Content, 1-3 December 2008, Bali - Indonesia120initialization variable for action in environment, renderingin every environment which every ways are ways in creat-ing sphere mapping which is in kind of mapping have lackcompared of Cube Mapping, that is only could see in 1side. And from application, we could know that dynamiccube mapping is changes of 2D object becoming 3D ob-ject. Changes of 2D becoming 3D, dynamic cube mappingis used in creating film, advertisement, or games.Cube Mapping is part of environment mapping which isdivided into 3 parts, however there are 2 parts which con-necting there are sphere and cube mapping. Main pointwhich make it different is reflection of environment. So, instatic cube mapping is environment which is reflected willnot changed, in other hand dynamic cube mapping envi-ronment could changed its environment or the movement isvery look real. Dynamic cube mapping is development ofCube Mapping which is there are differences on dimension,lightening, and texture.References[1] Andreas Hadiyono dan Rahayu Rianti. Cube Mapping WithOpenGl. Program Sarjana Magister, Universitas Gunadarma.[2] Cliff Lindsay. Top Ten Texture Mapping Effects.[3] Fabien Houlman and stephane metz. High Dynamic RangeRendering in OpenGl.[4] http://developer.nvidia.com/object/cube map ogl tutorial.html.OpenGL Cube Map Texturing. 5 Aug. 2004.[5] http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/toolbar/3.0/sitemap/enus.mspx.[6] Mark J. Kilgard. OpenGl Utility Toolkit(GLUT) Program-ming Interface. Silicon Graphics,Inc.[7] nvdia corporation. Perfect Reflection and Specular LightingEffects With Cube Environment Mapping.[8] nvidia corporation. nvidia cube map. Sim Dietrich.[9] Steve Rotenberg. Texture Mapping. UCSD, 2006.

Differences Of Cube Mapping and Dynamic Cube Mapping

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