A theoretical analysis is performed of Penning-trap experiments testing CPT
and Lorentz symmetry through measurements of anomalous magnetic moments and
charge-to-mass ratios. Possible CPT and Lorentz violations arising from
spontaneous symmetry breaking at a fundamental level are treated in the context
of a general extension of the SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) standard model and its
restriction to quantum electrodynamics. We describe signals that might appear
in principle, introduce suitable figures of merit, and estimate CPT and Lorentz
bounds attainable in present and future Penning-trap experiments. Experiments
measuring anomaly frequencies are found to provide the sharpest tests of CPT
symmetry. Bounds are attainable of approximately 10−20 in the
electron-positron case and of 10−23 for a suggested experiment with
protons and antiprotons. Searches for diurnal frequency variations in these
experiments could also limit certain types of Lorentz violation to the level of
10−18 in the electron-positron system and others at the level of
10−21 in the proton-antiproton system. In contrast, measurements comparing
cyclotron frequencies are sensitive within the present theoretical framework to
different kinds of Lorentz violation that preserve CPT. Constraints could be
obtained on one figure of merit in the electron-positron system at the level of
10−16, on another in the proton-antiproton system at 10−24, and on a
third at 10−25 using comparisons of H− ions with antiprotons.Comment: 31 pages, published in Physical Review
