Abstract For controlling all the equipment and services required for operating the 10 MeV baby cyclotron and optimizing various parameters, an extensive control system is used

A Abdorrahman

A Afshar

G R Aslani

H Afarideh

J S Chai

M Ghergherehchi

S Malakzade

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CONTROL SYSTEM OF 10-MEV BABY CYCLOTRON
A. Abdorrahman, S. Malakzade, H. Afarideh*, G. R. Aslani, Department of Energy Engineering & 
Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
A. Afshar, Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 
15875-4413, Iran
M. Ghergherehchi, J. S. Chai, Department of Energy Science/School of Information & 
Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
Abstract
For controlling all the equipment and services required 
for operating the 10 MeV baby cyclotron and optimizing 
various parameters, an extensive control system is used. 
Most of the control systems are located in the control 
room which is situated outside the biological shield. The 
control console in the control room has switches for all 
the power supplies like main magnet, radio frequency 
system, vacuum system, ion-source, deflector, etc. 
Several Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC's) which 
are located near the equipment control the whole system. 
A technique of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition 
(SCADA) is presented to monitor, control, and log 
actions of the PLC's on a PC through use of I/O 
communication interface coupled with an Open Process 
Control/Object Linking and Embedding [OLE] for 
Process Control (OPC) Server/Client architecture. In 
order to monitor and control different part of system, 
OPC data is then linked to a National Instruments (NI) 
LabVIEW. In this paper, details of the architecture and 
insight into applicability to other systems are presented.
INTRODUCTION
As you are designing the cyclotron control system, 
some requirement must be considered:
• Control subsystems should be integrated into the 
control system easily.
• The programming system for application programs
should be programmer-friendly.
• Incremental amendment and extension should be
possible.
• To minimize man-power and efforts, the international 
collaboration or commercially available products should 
be applied.
- Easy data access and analysis 
- Remote control/diagnostics based on Network 
- High level security 
- Well defined auto/manual control mode 
- Practicable to local control in emergency 
- Stable beam current 
- Control various devices in real time 
- Convenient operation 
- Easy maintenance
The control of Cyclotron is a typical complex real-time 
system. Generally, it is a hybrid system including both 
continuous control and dynamic discrete events. But for 
time response requirements, closed-loop controls are 
implemented by hardware such as PLC in most cases of 
cyclotron.
Supervisory control and data acquisition is the basic 
requirements for distributed control system of industrial 
process and large-scale equipment like cyclotron, which 
has high channel counts that demands for keeping track of 
a large number of data points. Normally, SCADA 
provides effective approaches to system’s high-level 
monitor and control by combining real-time/historical 
data collection, logging and trending with friendly 
dynamic graphic indicators
Control architecture of   system control is a three layer 
architecture comprising of device layer, server layer and 
user Interface layer. The device layer consists of PLCs 
which controls the automatic process sequence 
operations. The PLCs and the process components are 
configured to satisfy fail-safe operation [1].
The user interface layer consists of the control
computers where the operators issue, the set points and 
the mode of operation commands. The alarm and 
historical archive are also running in this layer.
PLC OVERVIEW
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) [2] are 
diskless compact computers including all the necessary 
software and hardware interfaces to the process. They are 
generally used for automation control application either 
standalone or connected to distributed inputs/outputs, to 
other PLCs and/or to supervision PCs. The connections 
are established by means of field buses such as 
PROFIBUS or Ethernet. An example of this connection is 
shown in Fig. 1.
___________________________________________
*corresponding author: hafarideh@aut.ac.ir
TUPPT001 Proceedings of Cyclotrons2013, Vancouver, BC, Canada
ISBN 978-3-95450-128-1
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Cyclotron Subsystems
Controls
Figure 1: Typical PLC BUS communication.
The available I/O modules support a wide range of 
electrical interfaces
Analogue module (+/- 10V, +/- 1V, 4-20mA, 
resistor, etc.)
Temperature measurement (pt100, Ni 100, etc).
Digital module (+- 24V, 220V, etc.)
TTL module (Beck Hoff I/O module, etc.)
RS 232 module
Ethernet Modules
PLC-based solutions are well adapted to two-level 
control architectures where the front-end layer has to be 
autonomous and independent from the supervision layer. 
The process control does not depend on the network 
neither on a remote computer; it is more secure
RELATION BETWEEN LABVIEW AND 
S7-PLS
The S7 series of Siemens PLC system controls the
whole process. A pc serves as the interface to the system 
for monitoring and control. The pc communicates with 
the plc system via serial port to the communication 
controller at plc side. LabVIEW is a graphical 
programming platform that helps engineers scale from 
design to test and from small to large systems. The DSC 
Module provides OPC Client I/O servers for 
communicating with any server implementing the OPC 
Foundation OPC server interface. This allows LabVIEW 
to communicate with any PLC that is interacting with an 
OPC Server. An OPC Client I/O server will list all 
available OPC servers that are installed and running on a 
local or network computer. Figure 2 shows the
relationship of the components involved in 
communication between LabVIEW and a PLC.
Figure 2: Communication of LABVIEW and SVE with 
PLC through OPC.
PLCs publish data to the network. An OPC Server 
program uses the PLC’s proprietary driver to create OPC
tags for each physical I/O on the PLC. National 
Instruments provides an OPC Server solution with NI 
OPC Servers. NI OPC Servers contains a list of drivers 
for many of the industry’s PLCs. The OPC Client I/O 
servers provided with the DSC Module can connect to 
each OPC tag using the OPC DA standard. We can 
configure the multiple OPC Client I/O servers in the SVE 
with different update rates, dead band percentages, and 
reconnect poll rates. The SVE provides a PSP URL for 
each OPC tag that other Shared Variables can bind to by 
enabling aliasing. Once you deploy the Shared Variables 
in the SVE and the Shared Variables receive values, 
LabVIEW can easily read and write to the Shared 
Variables using a VI. The cyclotron status can be clearly 
graphically displayed on the monitor screen. As an 
example the vacuum system control display is shown in 
Fig. 3. This screen gives the real time dynamic messages 
by changing colour or positions. Different pages also 
assign different meanings to the function keys, according 
which the operator can choose appropriate instructions to 
the PLC.
Figure 3: Cyclotron vacuum system control display.
INTERLOCK AND SAFETY SYSTEM
Control Logic and Interlocks is a regulation library 
interlocks that promise correct and safe system running 
and sequential logic for cyclotron routine operation such 
as system start-up and shutdown in automatic/manual 
modes. The interlock system will be operated in hierarchy 
depending on criticality and time scale of operation. The 
conventional interlock signals with response time of few 
tens of milliseconds, the interlock actions are handled 
through the local interlock control units, typically made 
up of Siemens S7 PLC. The state of component is 
conveyed to over the plant interlock networks (PIN) to 
different subsystems and over the central interlock 
network to other plant systems. There are many industrial 
solutions are available to communicate between PLCs but 
the cyclotron system shall adapt the IO recommended 
communication protocol to communicate the interlock 
events between subsystems [3]. Figure 4 shows the
interlock system layout of 10 MeV baby cyclotron.
Proceedings of Cyclotrons2013, Vancouver, BC, Canada TUPPT001
Cyclotron Subsystems
Controls
ISBN 978-3-95450-128-1
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Figure 4: Interlock System Layout.
CONCLUSION
This paper introduces the framework design for the 
control system of the cyclotron. It can simulate processes 
during cyclotron running with well-designed HMI. The 
system is of flexibility and extensibility due to the easy 
program language. So it is really useful before lab 
experiment and hardware design for cyclotron. It gives a 
clear direction to the design of cyclotron control system 
and the entire optimum design of cyclotron system.
The PLC can operate in two modes: full automation or 
half automation. In the mode of full automation, the 
cyclotron can automatically start-up by pushing one 
function key, including turn on power supplies, cooling 
water, vacuum, set up the magnet, RF system, ion source 
step by step and, put the strippers into correct positions, 
until the desired beam is obtained on the target. In the 
mode of half automation, the PLC divides the whole 
sequence into different sections. At end of every section, 
operator interventions are required but, the operation 
sequence and safety interlock are also managed by the 
PLC. The full automation mode is suitable for routine 
production and the half automation mode is suitable for 
machine maintenance and equipment test. The two modes 
can be transferred at any time.
REFERENCES
[1] Farrands Controls, Valhalla, New York, USA.
[2] Siemens S7 series PLC programming guide for PLC 
user programming.
[3] Li Zhenguo, “PLC Application in the Control of 
CIAE-30 Cyclotron”, APAC 2004, Gyeongju, Korea.
TUPPT001 Proceedings of Cyclotrons2013, Vancouver, BC, Canada
ISBN 978-3-95450-128-1
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Cyclotron Subsystems
Controls


CONTROL SYSTEM OF 10-MEV BABY CYCLOTRON

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CONTROL SYSTEM OF 10-MEV BABY CYCLOTRON

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