ABSTRACT: A field study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of the various poultry diseases in domestic rural fowl in Distt. Sheikhupura. The disease prevalence was found high (57%) in Fayoumi than local breed i.e., Desi hens (43%). The overall prevalence of various diseases was, Newcastle (40.33%), E.coli (5%), Infectious bronchitis (2.66%) chromic respiratory disease (7%) Infectious coryza (8.33%) and Salmonellosis (6.33%) Fowl pox (15.66%) Hydro-pericardium (4%) Coccidiosis (10.66%) and Avian influenza (Nil). Proper management was recommended to ensure good sanitation and proper vaccination for effective diseases prevention

Muhammad Yasser

Mustafa And

Syed Shahid Ali

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Punjab Univ. J. Zool., Vol. 20 (2), pp. 177-180, 2005 
PREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN LOCAL 
AND FAYOUMI BREEDS OF RURAL POULTRY 
(GALLUS DOMESTICUS) 
 
MUHAMMAD YASSER MUSTAFA AND SYED SHAHID ALI 
 
Directorate of Extension, Livestock and Dairy Development, Sheikhupura (MYM) and 
Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore-54590 
(SSA), Pakistan. 
 
ABSTRACT: A field study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of the various 
poultry diseases in domestic rural fowl in Distt. Sheikhupura. The disease prevalence was 
found high (57%) in Fayoumi than local breed i.e., Desi hens (43%). The overall 
prevalence of various diseases was, Newcastle (40.33%), E.coli (5%), Infectious 
bronchitis (2.66%) chromic respiratory disease (7%) Infectious coryza (8.33%) and 
Salmonellosis (6.33%) Fowl pox (15.66%) Hydro-pericardium (4%) Coccidiosis 
(10.66%) and Avian influenza (Nil). Proper management was recommended to ensure 
good sanitation and proper vaccination for effective diseases prevention.    
Key Words: Bacterial infections, viral infections, poultry diseases, new castle, 
coccidiosis, fowl pox. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
akistan is an agriculture country whose more than 70% populations live in villages. 
Their lives mainly depend upon agriculture and Livestock. Women in villages are 
particularly involved in rearing poultry for income generating by selling eggs and 
poultry.  
Poultry not only plays an important role in narrowing the gap between the 
demand and supply of protein of animal origin but also provides and efficient mean of 
income generation in small scale. The poultry industry has now recognized as an 
important sub sector of the agriculture (Mushtaq, 1994). According to the Economic 
survey of Pakistan (2005-06), the number of Desi and Fayoumi hens are 36.5 million. 
P 
Although poultry enterprise has developed with a rapid speed but still some 
infectious diseases pose a serious threat for the survival of poultry farming especially at 
small scale. A number of infectious and non-infectious diseases have wide prevalence in 
poultry inflicting heavy economic losses (Qureshi, 1981). The major poultry disease 
include Newcastle disease, E.coli, infectious Coryza, Infectious bronchitis, Coccidiosis, 
Enteritis, Fowl Pox, Salmonellosis, Hydro- pericardium and Avian influenza (Vyslouzil 
and Dhonal, 1988; Javed et al., 1994; Khan et al., 2000; Bano et al., 2003). The diseases 
spread in rural poultry due to poor vaccination, poor feed, housing and also through wild 
and migratory birds (Khawaja et al., 2005). 
0079-8045/05/0002-0177 $ 03.00/0  Copyright 2005, Dept. Zool., P.U., Lahore, Pakistan 
M.Y.MUSTAFA AND S.S.ALI 178 
Although several studies have been conducted to find out the prevalence of the 
poultry disease at provincial (Ikhwan and Shamshir, 1994), National (Anjum, 1990) and 
International (Malkani et al., 1998) level but no systematic study has been conducted in 
Tehsil Muridkey Distt. Sheikhupura pertaining to the prevalence of the house rearing or 
small-scale poultry diseases.  
Therefore, the present filed study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of 
different diseases, which will provide baseline data for effective prevention, and control 
of infectious diseases in rural poultry. 
 
MATERIALS AND METHODS 
 
For this field study, a total of 300 sick/dead Desi (local breed) and Fayoumi 
hens were examined during 2005 in and around Tehsil Muridkey. The diagnosis of the 
diseases was done through observing symptoms and post-martum examination of the 
effected birds. The bacterial and viral diseases were differentiated in the laboratory at 
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, by examining the growth on 
McConkey agar by incubating the suspected materials at 37°C for 24-28 hours. The 
growth obtained was identified by various biochemical and sugar fermentation tests 
following methods described by Coles and Miles  (1989). The results were then analyzed 
statistically by using simple score test (Nam, 1995). 
 
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 
 
In this field study, results obtained regarding overall prevalence of various 
diseases in two breeds reared domestically in rural areas were found more (57%) in 
Fayoumi than Desi hens (43%). The overall incidence of different diseases were 
recorded. Newcastle (40.33%), Escherichia coli (5%), Infectious bronchitis (2.66%) 
chronic respiratory disease (7%) Infectious coryza (8.33%), Salmonellosis (6.33%) Fowl 
pox (15.66%) Hydro-pericardium (4%) and Coccidiosis (10.66%). Avian influenza 
prevalence was found to be nil in both breeds. 
The prevalence of various diseases recorded in Fayoumi hens were Newcastle 
(24.66%), E.coli (3.66%), Infectious bronchitis (2%) CRD (4.33%) Infectious coryza 
(5.66%) and Salmonellosis (3.33%), Fowl pox (4%), Hydro-pericardium (2.33%) and 
Coccidiosis (7%). 
In Desi hens the prevalence of diseases recorded was Newcastle (15.66%), 
E.coli (1.33%), Infectious bronchitis (0.66%) CRD (2.66%) Infectious coryza (2.66%) 
and Salmonellosis (3%), Fowl pox (11.66%), Hydro-pericardium (1.66%) and 
Coccidiosis (3.66%). 
PREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN RURAL POULTRY 179 
This has been observed in this field study that Newcastle disease was found to 
be the major disease in rural poultry in Fayoumi than Desi hens while Fowl pox was high 
in Desi than Fayoumi hens as shown in Table 1. The prevalence of these diseases are due 
to improper vaccination and through interaction with those domestic birds not vaccinated 
for these diseases and also from migratory birds. The results are in accordance with the 
results of Khan et al. (2000) and Vyslouzil and Dohnal (1988). 
The other major disease found during study was Coccidiosis whose findings 
were almost in conformity with those reported by Pervaiz et al. (1987) and Khan et al. 
(2000) however, they are not in accordance with those reported by Ikhwan and Shamshir 
(1994), also have observed 4% coccidiosis in Distt. Swat. Coccidiosis was found one of 
the major ailments of rural poultry. In spite of advances made in prevention, control still 
seems to be a major problem in our country (Qureshi, 1981). This disease is related to 
improper management and sanitary conditions as its oocysts may survive as long as 86 
weeks in shaded soil. This disease can be reduced through good management and 
preventive measures. Infectious coryza disease was also found high in Fayoumi than Desi 
hens which is due to cold season, improper housing without proper ventilation and close 
contact of birds. The results are in accordance with Khan et al. (2000). Other diseases 
almost having similar prevalence rate in both Desi and Fayoumi hens.  
Infectious diseases especially of viral origin, their occurrence could be due to 
poor preventive measures, unhygienic conditions, poor vaccination, poor brooding 
arrangements, contaminated water and feed, lack of interval between successive crops 
and poor knowledge about rearing the poultry on scientific basis.        
 
Table 1: Prevalence of various infection Diseases in Fayoumi and Desi breeds of 
poultry with their frequencies. 
 
Disease Frequency Percent Fayoumi Desi 
Newcastle disease 121 40.33% 24.66% 15.66% 
Infectious coryza 25 8.33% 5.66% 15.66% 
Infectious bronchitis 8 2.66% 2% 2.66% 
Chronic respiratory disease 21 7% 4.33% 0.66% 
Avian influenza Nil Nil Nil Nil 
Hydro-pericardium 12 4% 2.33% 1.66% 
Salmonellosis 19 6.33% 3.33% 3% 
E.coli 15 5% 3.66% 1.33% 
Coccidiosis 32 10.66% 7% 3.66% 
Fowl pox 47 15.66% 4% 11.66% 
Total 300 100% 57% 43% 
M.Y.MUSTAFA AND S.S.ALI 180 
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(Received: 18 July, 2005; Revised: 20 September, 2005) 


PREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN LOCAL AND FAYOUMI BREEDS OF RURAL POULTRY (GALLUS DOMESTICUS)

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PREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN LOCAL AND FAYOUMI BREEDS OF RURAL POULTRY (GALLUS DOMESTICUS)

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