Abstract A specimen inscribed &quot;New Holland Gov. King&quot; (G) is identified as the type of Pleurandra enervia DC., which is then placed into synonomy of Hibbertia procumbens (Labill.) DC. New combinations, H. hemignosta (Steud.) J.R.Wheeler and H. hibbertioides (Steud.) J.R.Wheeler, are published to replace the Western Australian species previously identified as H. enervia. History CandoIle (1817) described 41 species which are now included in the genus Hibbertia and there is a type specimen for each of them in his own herbarium except for Pleurandra enervia, the identity of which remained a problem. It was based on a King specimen in Lambert&apos;s herbarium, and this was assumed lost with the sale and distribution of that collection in June 1842

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J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 20: 1-4 (2002)
NOTES ON HIBBERTIA (DILLENIACEAE)
4. THE IDENTITY OF H. ENERVIA
H.R. Toelken & J.R. Wheeler
State Herbarium of South Australia, Plant Biodiversity Centre,
P.O. Box 2732, Kent Town, South Australia 5071
e-mail: toelken.hellmut@saugov.sa.gov.au
Science Division, Dept of Conservation & Land Management,
120 Albany Highway, Albany, Western Australia 6330
e-mail: judyw@calm.wa.gov.au
Abstract
A specimen inscribed "New Holland Gov. King" (G) is identified as the type of Pleurandra enervia DC., which
is then placed into synonomy of Hibbertia procumbens (Labill.) DC. New combinations, H. hemignosta (Steud.)
J.R.Wheeler and H. hibbertioides (Steud.) J.R.Wheeler, are published to replace the Western Australian species
previously identified as H. enervia.
History
CandoIle (1817) described 41 species which are now included in the genus Hibbertia and
there is a type specimen for each of them in his own herbarium except for Pleurandra
enervia, the identity of which remained a problem. It was based on a King specimen in
Lambert's herbarium, and this was assumed lost with the sale and distribution of that
collection in June 1842.
In identifying the specimen Preiss 2155 as P. enervia Steudel (1845) started an
interpretation of the species followed by many subsequent botanists. Similar to Candolle he
retained it in the genus Pleurandra although the stamens are in several groups and some of
the filaments are basally connate, which would have suggested the genus Candollea, a
genus maintained by that author. Bentham (1863) placed P. enervia tentatively into the
synonomy Candollea teretifolia Turcz., while Druce then publishes the combination C.
enervia as this is the oldest name for that species. Hoogland (1974) eventually validly
published the new combination Hibbertia enervia after it had already been used as such in
publications in Western Australia.
Miller (1970) established in her extensive research that a collection of Governor P.G.
King is now found incorporated in the main herbarium at Geneva (G). She commented that
"in 1808 Lambert twice wrote J.E. Smith that he had received New Holland plants brought
back by Governor King (Linn. Soc.: Smith Corres.). Whether the specimens were actually
collected by King himself is not known." George Caley in Currey (1967, p.47) is quoted to
show doubt about this as he revealed that King contacted various people to collect for him.
A specimen in the herbarium at Geneva bearing "New Holland Gov. King" (unknown
handwriting, not Lambert's) was identified as H. enervia and filed under H. teretifolia. The
stems as well as the linear veinless leaves of this fragment are glabrous except for a few
small coiled hairs adaxial to the leaf bases agree well with the original description. Crucial
is "stamens 15-20, very short, uniseriate, sometimes nevertheless 1-2 inserted towards the
other side of the pistil (stamina 15-20 brevissima uniserialia, interdum tamen 1-2 ad
alterum pistilli latus insertar The short stamens, which are grouped around and the
filaments adhering to or sometimes slipping between the glabrous pistils, show often only
one group of one or two stamens on the anterior of the flower, so that the stamens appear to
be mainly clustered at the rear of the pistils as is typical of the stamens of the genus
Pleurandra. This would explain why Candolle retained the species in that genus in spite of
1
H.R. Toelken & J.R. Wheeler J. Adelaide Bot. Gard.20 (2002)
"stamina...uniseralia" instead of "unilateralia" in all the other species of Pleurandra. At the
same time the strong grouping of the stamens can be misinterpreted as the fusion of the
filaments, sometimes only basally (in H. enervia: Wheeler 1987), in species of Candollea, a
genus Candolle (1817) maintained in his treatise of the family.
The interpretation of Steudel and subsequent botanists was applied to a Western
Australian species, while it is highly unlikely that Governor King, being stationed in the
first Australian settlement at the present Sydney, could have obtained specimens from so
far away before 1808 when he brought them with him on his return to England. The
specimen at G must be identified as H. procumbens (known fi-om Tasmania and adjoining
Victoria), and was probably collected by George Caley or his helpers on the expedition to
the southern coast of mainland Australia and Tasmania in 1805. In one flower investigated
of that specimen 19 stamens (H. procumbens: 20-25: Curtis & Morris 1975; 18-25: Toelken
1996) were counted while for the Western Australian species only 9-12 were recorded
(Wheeler 1987). Judging by his description, it would seem that Steudel (1844) was not
aware of these anther characters since he seem to have based his identification on
Candolle's (1824) Prodromus, which does not give this detail. Furthermore, the anthers of
H. procumbens shrivel very much after dehiscence so that they are short and scarcely
longer than broad (0.8-1.2 (to 2.2 mainly undehisced) mm long) with the margins of the
empty pollen sacs irregularly shrivelling and exposing the inside, as also shown on the
King specimen. The anthers of specimens of the Western Australian species investigated
are narrowly oblong (1.4-1.6 mm long, un- and dehisced) and laterally split but the margins
have not shrivelled to show the inside. The specimen agrees with the protologue not only
well in essential characteristics, such as the stamens, but also more closely with the eastern
Australian species, H. decumbens, than with H. hemignosta or H. hibbertioides fi-om
Western Australia. The specimen is therefore accepted as the type of Pleurandra enervia.
Two Hibbertia specimens out of four ascribed to Governor King found in Geneva
herbarium are annotated "New Holland or Van Diemens Land", and one of them must also
be identified as H. procumbens. Candolle (1817) does not mention these three other
specimens, but he cites eight Caley specimens from Lambert's herbarium of which there
are specimens in his herbarium but no duplicates in the general herbarium. Miller (1970)
could not ascertain the whereabouts of the Caley collections from Lambert's herbarium.
Lambert was very generous and gave away many specimens, for instance, to de Candolle
etc. (p. 505), but the significance of the Caley specimens being present in his herbarium and
those of Governor King absent can not be assessed.
Taxonomy
As a type specimen of P. enervia has been located it is necessary to rearrange the
nomenclature of three species as Bentham (1863) had included several species including P.
enervia under Candollea teretifolia. However, Ostenfeld (1921) already observed: "it
seems as if two species are hidden under the name of H. teretifolia". A revision of the
following species will be presented separately.
H. procumbens (Labill.) DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 427 (1817); Prodr. 1: 74(1824); G. Don, Gen.
Hist. 1: 75 (1831): Hook., J. Bot. (Hook.) 1: 246 (1834); Hook.f., J. Bot. (Hook.) 2: 403
(1840); Hook.f., FI. Tasm. 1: 13 (1855), partly excl. H. obtusifoha; Benth., FI. Austral. 1:
33 (1863); Spicer, Handb. Pl. Tasm. 101 (1878); Gilg, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 6: 116 (1893);
Ewart, Pl. Vict. 768 (1930); Garnet, Wilda Wilson's Prom. 65, 152, fig. 580 (1971); J.H.
Willis, Handb. Pl. Vict. 2: 387 (1972); W.M.Curtis & D.I.Morris, Stud. Fl. Tasm. 1: 24
(1975); A.M.Buchanan, Cens. Vase. PI. Tasm. 19 (1995); Toelken in N.G.Walsh &
Entwisle, FI. Vict. 3: 303 (1996).
2
J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 20 (2002) Hibbertia enervia (Dilleniaceae)
Type: Tasmania, "in capite Van-Diemen", J.H.H.Labillardiere s.n. (lecto selected here:
Herb. Webb No 3963: FI; photo, AD; iso.: G-DC; G).
Dillenia procumbens Labill., Nov. Holl. PI. 2, 16, t. 156 (1806).
Type: as above.
Hibbertia angustifolia Salisb., Parad. Lond. Pl. 73 (1807), nom. Meg.; Smith in Rees, Cycl. 17 (1811); F. Muell.,
Pl. lndig. Col. Vict. 1: 18 (1862), partly excl. H fasciculata, H. prostrata, H. glandulosa, Pleurandra
camphorosma; Syst, Cens. 1: 2 (1882); Key Syst. Vict. PI. 1: 123 (1887), partly; Second Syst. Cens. 1: 2 (1889),
partly; Rodway, Tasm. Fl. 4 (1903).
Type: same as for H. procumbens.
Pleurandra enervia DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 421 (1817); Prodr. 1: 72 (1824); Spreng., Syst. Veg. 16 edn, 2:462 (1825);
Don, Gen. Hist. 1: 74 (1831); Steud. in Lehm., Pl. Preiss. 1: 264 (1845), partly as for type; Nomencl. Bot. 2
edn, 2 : 355 (1841), partly.
Candollea enervia (DC.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 612 (1917), partly, excl. synonomy.
Hibbertia enervia (DC.) Hoogl., Kew Bull. 29: 156 (1974), partly, excl. synonomy.
Type: "New Holland Gov. King" (holo.: G).
procumbens (Labill.) DC. -- [3.pilosa Hook.f., J. Bot. (Hook.) 2: 403 (1 840).
Type: Tasmania, Rocky Cape, Gunn 776 (holo.: K, n.v.).
Notes
Although variable in size, shape and hairiness of its various organs H. procumbens is
easily identified by its decumbent to procumbent habit and 3-5 glabrous pistils. Even the
length of the anthers varies considerably particularly in central- to south-western Victoria,
where they often hardly shrink after dehiscence so that they are up to 2.2 mm long, while in
Tasmania they are rarely more than 1 mm long on dried specimens. It seems therefore most
likely that the type specimens discussed above was obtained from Tasmania.
Since Labillardiere apparently described the species on all his material, determined no
holotype and distributed specimens later, a lectotype was here selected.
H. hemignosta (Steud. in Lehtn.) J.R.Wheeler, comb. nov.
Pleurandra hemignosta Steud. in Lehm., PI. Preiss. I: 265 (1845), basionym.
Type: South Western Australia: Preiss 2172 (holo.: LD; iso.: MEL).
Pleurandra enervia auct. non DC.: Steud. in Lehm., Pl. Preiss. 1: 264 (1845).
Candollea teretifolia auct. non Turcz.: Benth., FI. Austral. 1: 43 (1863), partly, as for reference.
Hibbertia teretifolia (Turcz.) F.Muell., Fragm.11: 95 (1880), partly; Diels & E.Pritz., Bot. Jahrb. 35: 386, 637
(1904), partly; Ostenf., Kgl. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Biol. Medd. 3(2): 89, pl. Xb (1921), partly; Blackall & B.J.Grieve,
W.-Austral. Wildfl. 2: 382 (1956), partly; B.J.Grieve, W. Austral. Wildfl. edn 2, 2: 52 (1998), partly.
Candollea enervia auct. non (DC.) Druce: Druce, Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 612 (1917), partly, as for
references.
Hibbertia enervia auctt. non (DC.) Hoogl.: Hoogl., Kew Bull. 29: 156 (1974), partly, as for references;
C.A.Gardner ex Beard, W. Austr. Pl. 67 (1965); Beard, W. Austral. Pl. 2edn; 87 (1970); J.R.Wheeler in N.G.
Marchant et al., FI. Perth Region 1: 122 (1987).
3
H.R. Toe!ken & J.R. Wheeler J. Adelaide Bot. Gard.20 (2002)
H. hibbertioides (Steud.in Lehm.) J.R.Wheeler, comb. nov.
Pleurandra hibbertioides Steud. in Lehm., Pl. l'reiss. 1: 265 (1845), basionym.
Type: Mt Bakewell (York), Preiss 2164 (holo.: LD; iso.: MEL).
Candoflea teretifolia Turcz., Bull. Soc. Natural. Moscou 22(2): 6(1849); Benth., FI. Austral. 1: 43 (1863).
Type: Western Australia, J.Drummond 4, 114 (holo.: KW; iso.: PERTH, MEL).
Ilibbertia teretifolia (Turcz.) F.Muell., Fragm. 4: 117 (1864); Fragm.11: 95 (1880); Syst. Cens. 1: 2 (1882);
Second Syst. Cens. 1: 2(1889); Gilg, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3,6: 118 (1893); Diets & E.I'ritz., Bot. Jahrb. 35: 386,
637 (1904); Ostenf., KgI. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Biol. Medd. 3(2): 89, pl. Xb (1921); Gi1g & Werderm., Nat.
Planzenfam. 2dn, 21: 28 (1925); C.A.Gardner, Enum. Pl. Austral. Occ. 83 (1931); Blackall & B.J.Grieve, W.
Austral. Wildfl. 2: 382 (1956).
Candollea enervia auct. non (DC.) Druce: Druce, Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 612 (1917), partly, as for
references.
Hibbenia enervia awl!. non (DC.) Hoogl.: Hoogl., Kew Bull. 29: 156 (1974), partly, as for references;
C.A.Gardner ex Beard, W. Austral. Pl. 67 (1965); Beard, W. Austral. Pl. 2edn; 87 (1970); J.R.Wheeler in
N.G.Marchant et al., FI. Perth Region 1: 122 (1987).
Acknowledgments
The Director and staff of Geneva Herbarium (G) and the Western Australian Herbarium
(PERTH) are thanked for their assistance. In particular nomenclatural advice received from
Paul Wilson and discussions with John Jessop are gratefully acknowledged. The directors
of many herbaria especially LD, KW and MEL are thanked for the loan of specimens.
A grant from the Research Fund of the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide is gratefully
acknowledged as it enabled the first author to examine material in Geneva.
References
Bentham, G. (1863). Dilleniaceae. FI. Austr. 1: 26, 27. (Reeves: London).
Candolle, A.P. de (1817). Dilleniaceae. Regni vegetabilis Systema naturales 1: 411-438. (Treuttel & Wiirtz:
Paris).
Candolle, A.P. de (1824). Dilleniaceae, Prodromus 1: 72. (Treuttel & WUrtz: Paris).
Currey, J.E.B. (1967). Reflections on the colony of New South Wales: George Caley. (Angus & Robertson:
London).
Curtis, W.M. & Morris, D.1. (1975). Stud. FI. Tasm. 2 edn: 24. (Gov. Printer: Tasmania).
Druce, G.C. (1917). Nomenclatural notes: chiefly African and Australian. Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916:
612.
Hoogland, R.D. (1974). New combinations in Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae). Kew Bull. 29: 156.
Miller, H.S. (1970). The herbarium of Aylmer Bourke Lambert. Notes on its acquisition, dispersal and present
whereabouts. Taxon 19: 489-656.
Ostenfeld, C.H. (1921). Contribution to West Australian Botany. Oct Krongrligr Dandr Videnskabernes selskab.
Biologiske meddelser 3(2): 89-90.
Steudel, E.T. (1845). In Lehmann, J.G.C. (ed). Plantae Preiss. 1: 264, 5. (Meissner: Hamburg).
Toelken, H.R. (1996). In Walsh. N.G. & Entwisle, T.J. (eds). Flora of Victoria 3:303. (Inkata Press: Melbourne).
Wheeler, J.R. (1987). In Marchant, N.G. et al., Flora of the Perth Region 1: 122. (Western Austr. Herbarium:
Perth).
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NOTES ON HIBBERTIA (DILLENIACEAE) 4. THE IDENTITY OF H. ENERVIA

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NOTES ON HIBBERTIA (DILLENIACEAE) 4. THE IDENTITY OF H. ENERVIA

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