J Dabijev

S Muletarova

T Mihova

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Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. 19/2005/2 Virology, Supplement 52 
INVESTIGATION OF THE VIRUS STATUS OF THE  
POTATOES IN SOME REGIONS PRODUCING HIGH  
QUALITY SEED POTATOES IN BULGARIA 
 
J. Dabijev1, T. Mihova2, S. Muletarova3 
Seeds' Selection-EAD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria1 
Plant Protection, Kostinbrod, Bulgaria2 
Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Еurосоrreсt-OOD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria3 
 
ABSTRACT 
It was investigated the status of viruses in the most popular sorts of potatoes in Bulgaria, 
in some of the regions producing high quality seed potatoes: the region of Beglicka and 
Momchilovtzy. It was established that in the investigated areas the flight of greenflies was 
minimal and in the combination with the appropriate altitude 1400-1600m., this furthers 
the production and supporting high quality seed potatoes. In the investigations were in-
cluded the basic potato viruses: PVX, PVY, PVS, PVM, PLRV. 
 
Introduction 
One of the most harmful virus diseases, 
spread through agricultural crops, are these 
affecting potatoes. The Economic signifi-
cance of viruses is fixed by their negative 
influence on the infected plants and also 
concerns their ability of virus transferring 
by planting material. The losses due to vi-
ruses are usually quantitative but some 
cause qualitative losses as well (5). 
The yield losses due to one or more vi-
ruses infecting potatoes vary from low to 
very high. Infections of PVY and PLRV 
have the potential to reduce yields up to 
80%, while mild viruses, such as PVX, 
PVS, and PVM also depress yields by as 
much as 30% in infected plants. It's pro-
vided that in Bulgaria, the losses of some 
sorts of potatoes caused by PVY in hetero-
geneous infection, with other mosaic vi-
ruses increase to 56.4-64.4%; in monoin-
fection of the most widespread potatoes' 
viruses losses vary between 10-50% (1, 8). 
The aim of this research is to find 
spreading of some potatoes' virus diseases 
in basic seed derivative areas in Bulgaria. 
Materials and Methods 
In the area of high belt region of the Mid-
dle Rhodope Mountains at the potato culti-
var maintaining bases (Beglicka, Momchi-
lovtsy) has been developed investigation on 
diffusion and contamination with PVY, 
PVX, PVS, PVM, and PLRV in the in-
cluding sort maintaining selection of the 
early sorts of "CONCORDE", "TRESOR", 
the middle early sorts "ARINDA", 
"SANTE", the middle late - "AGRIA". 
The analyses for researching of the in-
fected clones and plants in posterity have 
been done upon mass factual material of 
initial plants team; out of clones of indivi-
dual team in 2 year-old testing in posterity. 
The level of infection is measured visually 
at the time of vegetation in summer, and in 
vegetation house during autumn-winter 
period and by testing with ELISA method 
(3, 7). 
Results and Discussion 
The spreading of pvx, PVY, PVS, PVM, 
and PLRV in primary process of sorts 
maintaining of "CONCORDE", "TRESOR",  
 
Virology, Supplement  Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. 19/2005/2 53 
TABLE 1 
Contamination on potato viruses in the brunch selection in Beglicka seed production region - 2001 
Sort Propagation PVX PVY PVS PVM PLRV Heterogenous Visual damaged Total 
Concorde  SIP 3.40 1.40 1.40 1.20 1.00 5.20 2.60 16.20 
 ST I 2.14 0.48 2.14 0.48 1.19 7.14 3.57 17.14 
 ST II 0.38 0.90 0.51 1.28 0.77 2.43 0.00 6.27 
Agria SIP 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
 ST I 2.22 2.22 0.56 0.00 1.11 6.11 3.33 15.56 
 ST II 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 
Tresor SIP 0.67 0.60 0.47 0.20 1.07 2.40 1.20 6.60 
 ST I 1.88 1.67 1.04 0.63 0.83 3.13 3.54 12.71 
 ST II 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.47 2.82 0.00 3.76 
 
TABLE 2  
Contamination on potato viruses in the brunch selection in Beglicka seed production region - 2002 
Sort Propagation PVX PVY PVS PVM PLRV  Heterogenous Visual damaged Total 
Concorde SIP 1 3.33 4.00 1.33 0.67 0.67 6.67 10.67 27.33 
 ST I 2 1.28 1.03 0.26 0.26 0.51 1.54 4.62 9.49 
 ST II 3 0.53 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.00 1.05 
Agria SIP 4 1.20 0.80 1.20 1.20 2.40 3.20 6.40 16.40 
 ST I 5 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.57 0.57 1.14 3.43 
 ST II 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26 0.51 0.00 1.03 
Tresor SIP 7 1.00 0.67 0.67 0.33 1.33 2.33 5.67 12.00 
 ST I 8 0.50 0.75 0.50 0.25 1.00 1.50 2.50 7.00 
 ST II 9 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.56 
 
TABLE 3 
Contamination on potato viruses in the brunch selection in Beglicka seed production region - 2003 
Sort Propagation PVX PVY PVS PVM PLRV Heterogenous Visual damaged Total Sort 
Concorde ST I 1 2.86 1.07 0.36 0.00 0.36 3.57 5.71 13.93 
 ST II 2 1.59 0.63 0.00 0.32 0.00 1.90 0.00 4.44 
 SIP 3 2.25 1.00 1.25 0.75 2.00 5.75 2.25 15.25 
Agria ST I 4 1.43 0.29 0.57 0.00 1.71 2.29 1.71 8.00 
 ST II 5 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.43 1.90 0.00 4.29 
 SIP 6 1.00 0.40 0.60 0.80 2.00 3.00 3.20 11.00 
Tresor ST I 7 0.71 2.14 0.36 0.00 2.14 4.29 7.86 17.50 
 ST II 8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.14 1.14 0.00 2.29 
 
"SANTE", "ARINDA", "AGRIA" sorts is 
shown in Table 1- 6. 
Data shows that these sorts are harmed in 
different level by virus diseases and quan-
tity of the whole infection during separated 
years varies from 3.5 to 17.4% damaged 
plants of "CONCORDE" sort, "AGRIA" - 
from 0.81 to 28%, "ARINDA" has the 
highest level of contamination - from 3.92 
to 50%, "TRESOR" - from 0.56 to 12.71; 
and "SANTE" - from 3.77 to 6.85. 
"CONCORDE" is much more damaged by 
 
Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. 19/2005/2 Virology, Supplement 54 
TABLE 4 
Contamination on potato viruses in the brunch selection in Momchilovtsy seed production region - 2001 
Sort Propagation PVX PVY PVS PVM PLRV Heterogenous Visual damaged Total Sort 
Concorde SIP 1 1.20 0.80 0.60 0.40 3.40 0.00 0.00 6.40 
 ST I 2 1.12 0.84 0.56 0.28 6.74 1.12 1.12 11.80 
 ST II 3 0.92 0.13 0.13 0.13 2.24 0.00 0.00 3.56 
Agria SIP 4 0.20 0.50 0.80 1.70 3.60 0.60 0.60 8.00 
 ST  I 5 0.58 0.38 0.38 1.15 7.49 1.34 1.34 12.67 
 ST II 6 1.10 0.00 0.37 1.47 3.68 0.00 0.00 6.62 
Arinda SIP 7 1.10 0.90 0.80 1.00 4.10 1.60 1.60 11.1 О 
Sante ST I 8 1.21 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.81 2.02 2.02 6.85 
 ST II 9 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.94 2.59 0.00 0.00 3.77 
 
TABLE 5 
Contamination on potato viruses in the brunch selection in Momchilovtsy seed production region-2002 
Sort Propagation PVX PVY PVS PVM PLRV Heterogenous Visual damaged Total Sort 
Concorde ST I 1 1.12 0.56 0.56 0.00 3.37 8.99 8.99 23.60 
Agria SIP 2 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.27 0.93 1.73 1.73 5.07 
 ST I 3 0.69 0.17 0.69 1.21 2.07 3.28 3.28 11.38 
 STII 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.65 
Arinda SIP 5 0.13 0.40 0.00 0.27 1.33 2.40 2.40 6.93 
 STI 6 0.88 0.15 0.15 0.88 2.35 2.35 2.35 9.12 
Sante STII 7 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 
 
TABLE 6 
Contamination on potato viruses in the brunch selection in Momchilovtsy seed production region -2003 
Sort Propagation PVX PVY PVS PVM PLRV Heterogenous Visual damaged Total Sort 
Concorde ST I 1 2.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 3.00 4.50 4.50 14.50 
Agria SIP 2 1.33 0.67 0.67 6.00 6.00 6.67 6.67 28.00 
 ST I 3 0.97 0.32 0.65 3.23 2.90 2.90 2.90 13.87 
 ST II 4 0.27 0.27 0.00 0.54 1.89 0.00 0.00 2.97 
Arinda SIP 5 4.67 2.00 0.00 4.67 8.00 1.33 1.33 50.00 
 ST I 6 1.28 1.28 1.28 2.58 1.61 3.23 3.23 14.52 
 ST II 7 0.26 0.26 0.00 1.83 1.57 0.00 0.00 3.92 
 
PLRV - 6.74% (Sort Testing 1-sh year 
(ST1) 2001), "AGRIA" - by PVM 6% 
(Selection of Initial Plants (SIP) - 2003), 
"ARINDA" - PLRV 8% (SIP 2003). When 
we compare clonal selection of 
"CONCORDE" sort in two seed producing 
areas - Beglicka and Momchilovtsy, we 
notice increasing values of virus infection 
in the area of Beglicka (Fig. 1). 
Primary links of all sorts' clonal selection 
(SIP and ST1) have significantly high he-
terogeneous virus infection from 3.43 to 
50% (Fig. 2). Potato plants that are visually 
infected with typical symptoms of mosaic, 
chlorosis, curliness, necrosis upon nerva-
tion of leaves and necrosis strains are in-
significant - from 0 to 15.33% in compari-
son with plants in latent infection (Table 1-6).  
 
Virology, Supplement  Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. 19/2005/2 55 
Fig. 1. The comparison of viral infection of 
"CONCORDE" sort in clonal selection in both seed 
production regions - 2001. 
 
Fig. 2. Comparison of viral infection in clonal 
selection of "TRESOR", "ARINDA", "AGRIA" sorts 
of potatoes. 
 
Predominating of latent form of infection is 
less-harmful, gives possibility for sort 
maintaining of those pointed sorts and 
provides the crop of healthy high-quality, 
super elite and elite seedling material. 
Conclusions 
In the separate seed producing areas of 
high belt region of the Middle Rhodope 
Mountains "CONCORDE", "TRESOR", 
"SANTE", "ARINDA", "AGRIA" sorts are 
attacked by virus diseases in different level. 
Researching results confirm the prelimi-
nary data that early sorts are strongly dam-
aged by virus contamination, followed by 
middleearly sorts and less-damaged mid-
dle-late sorts. 
All sorts in primary link of clonal selec-
tion have significantly high mixed virus 
infection. 
The appearance of dormant infection in 
recent years could by explained by insuffi- 
ciently accuracy of practiced diagnostic 
methods. They don't measure low concen-
tration of virus infection and the presence 
of complicated infection fund during sepa-
rated years in circumstances of high belt 
region of the Middle Rhodope Mountains. 
REFERENCES 
1. Assenov R. (1986) Plant Science, 23(7), 64-68. 
2. Braikova B., Chavdarov Ch., Kirilov D. (1981) 
Plant Science, 18(3), 132-143.  
3. Dzhondzhorov A., Radeva A., Braikova B. 
(1985) Plant Science, 22(12), 78-83.  
4. Chavdarov Ch., Braikova B., Kirilov D. (1981) 
Plant Science, 17(7), 142-147.  
5. CIAT 2001 (2001) Annual Report 2000. CIAT, 
Cali, Columbia. 
6. CIP 2001. Scientist and Farmers - Partners in Re-
search for the 21st Century. Prgramme Report 1999-
2000. Centro Internacional de la Papa, Lima, Peru.  
7. Jones R.A.C. (1987) EPPO Bulletin, 17, 61- 67. 
8. Lichkov A. (1981) Plant Science, 17(8), 135-141. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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INVESTIGATION OF THE VIRUS STATUS OF THE POTATOES IN SOME REGIONS PRODUCING HIGH QUALITY SEED POTATOES IN BULGARIA

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INVESTIGATION OF THE VIRUS STATUS OF THE POTATOES IN SOME REGIONS PRODUCING HIGH QUALITY SEED POTATOES IN BULGARIA

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