Abstract In this study which has been done for 4 seasons from March 2014 to april 2015. We have taken sample from the lung tissue&apos;s through the 552 calves which has been send to the slaughterhouse. At first (before we entering the slaughterhouse) there&apos;s a questionnaire has been planned which include items like sex, living place, the animal bed at parturition time and also we test the animals through checking their heartbeats, respiratory system and observing the secretions of the eyes and the nose. According to the low economical value of the lung, especially in the large animal, we have send the Anterior and ventral lobe and Lymph nodes of the upper part of respiratory system by the slaughterhouse personnel&apos;s&apos; cooperation to the lab for the further studying and passing pathology test. Spss 19&amp; Excel were the software tools which we evaluate information via them and the results was: The most infection times to Pasteurella multocida were reported in winter and by the way we can see a meaningful link among seasons. Also infection was higher in the cases where the animals were kept in the close environments and finally the most lesions were related to Bronchopneumonia an the less to Suppurative pneumonia. 434 Yaser Karimi Faradonbeh et al

Azam Malekmohammadi³

Azarnush Karimi Dastgerdi³

Karimi Faradonbeh²

Morvarid Yaser Karimi Faradonbeh¹

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Advanced Studies in Biology, Vol. 7, 2015, no. 11, 433 - 439 
HIKARI Ltd,  www.m-hikari.com 
http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/asb.2015.51041 
 
 
Examination of the Prevalence of Pneumonia  
 
Caused by Pasteurella Multocida in Calves  
 
Referred to Slaughterhouse of Borujen City 
 
 
Yaser Karimi Faradonbeh¹, Morvarid Karimi Faradonbeh²,  
Azarnush Karimi Dastgerdi³ and Azam Malekmohammadi³ 
 
¹Graduated of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Shahrekord Branch 
Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran 
 
² Student of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Shahrekord Branch 
Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran 
 
³ Graduated of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Shahrekord Branch 
Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran 
 
   Copyright © 2015 Yaser Karimi Faradonbeh et al. This article is distributed under the 
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and 
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 
 
Abstract 
 
In this study which has been done for 4 seasons from March 2014 to april 2015. 
We have taken sample from the lung tissue’s through the 552 calves which has 
been send to the slaughterhouse. At first (before we entering the slaughterhouse)   
there’s a questionnaire has been planned which include items like sex, living place, 
the animal bed at parturition time and also we test the animals through checking 
their   heartbeats, respiratory system   and observing the secretions of the eyes 
and the nose. According to the low economical value of the lung, especially in the 
large animal, we have send the Anterior and ventral lobe and Lymph nodes of the 
upper part of respiratory system by the slaughterhouse personnel’s’ cooperation to 
the lab for the further studying and passing pathology test. Spss 19& Excel were 
the software tools which we evaluate information via them and the results was: 
The most infection times to Pasteurella multocida were reported in winter and by 
the way we can see a meaningful link among seasons. Also infection was higher 
in the cases where the animals were kept in the close environments and finally the 
most lesions were related to Bronchopneumonia an the less to Suppurative 
pneumonia. 
434                                     Yaser Karimi Faradonbeh et al. 
 
 
Keywords: Pneumonia, Pasteurella multocida, Calf, Bronchopneumonia, 
Boroujen 
 
 
1. Introduction 
 
Pasteurella is bacteria of aerobic, gram-negative, immobile, bipolar cocabacillus, 
having light gray colonies, with smooth edges, with a diameter of 2.1 mm and it is 
sensitive to penicillin (Dabo et al., 2007; Irsik., 2007; Kuhnert et al., 2008). 
Pasteurella multocida has been classified into three sub-types and 16 serotypes 
(Irsik., 2007), which is the leading cause of respiratory infections in calves and 
caws and it is the most common isolated factor in fever transportation. It is 
usually associated with one or more other factors, weakening the immune system 
at the first step (Anderson et al., 2009). Pasteurelosis is a contagious disease that 
is often found in septicemia form in caw population and as pneumonia form in 
sheep and goats population. The productive species of diseases in caw is often is 
pasteurella multocida, while it is hemolytica in sheep and goat population.   
 
Pasteurelosis is common diseases in humans and animals in which humans are 
causing side effects and genital skin. Its skin form is created in contact with the 
beetle and its genital form is created by contact with pets such as dogs and cats 
(Irsik., 2007). 
 
Pasteurella multocida causes fowl cholera in poultry, atrophic rhinitis in pig 
hemorrhagic septicemia in dog. For the first time, It was isolated and named by 
Louis Pasteur in 1880 (Pasteur., 1962). Pasteurelosis is infectious and contagious 
disease appears in two clinical forms: 
1. Acute and fatal form associated with hemorrhagic septicemia and it is mainly 
created in caw, buffalo, pigs and wild ruminants. Its clinical signs include high 
fever, cough, respiratory crackles, severe loss of saliva, dysentery, painful 
swelling in the shoulder and neck and in the subcutaneous areas of the throat, 
chest and abdomen, which may lead to respiratory failure and death. 
3. Pulmonary form of the disease that causes pneumonia problems mainly in 
sheep and goat. It is mainly in the non-pathogenic form in throat and nose of 
sheep and goat. Its clinical symptoms include fever, cough, nasal and eye 
discharge, diarrhea, hemorrhagic broncho-pneumonia and with pericarditis, and 
pulmonary lesions that is related to the anterior and ventral parts (Irsik., 2007). 
The most accurate and fastest way to identify bacteria using molecular methods is 
the polymerase chain reaction method (Miflin et al., 2001) The best treatment for 
the bacteria is beta-lactam antibiotics and fluoroquinolones or tetracyclines and 
amoxicillin. By controlling bacterial DNA synthesis, fluoroquinolones inhibits 
and tetracycline by joining to S30 ribosomal bacteria, reduce and cease the 
activity of bacteria (Long et al., 2006). 
 
 
Examination of the prevalence of pneumonia                           435 
 
 
2. Materials and methods 
 
   In the study lasted four years from March 2014 to April 2015, 552 calves 
referred to  referred to slaughterhouse of Borujen city were sampled from their 
lung tissue. At the beginning and before entering the slaughterhouse, they were 
examined in terms of heart rate and breathing, and discharges from their eyes and 
nose.   
Due to the low economic value of the lungs, especially in large animals, and by 
cooperation of slaughterhouse personnel and by consent of livestock owners, the 
frontal and abdominal lobes along with lymph node of upper area of respiratory 
tract of animals were sent to laboratory in order to study, record, and conduct 
pathological studies. After sending samples to laboratory, lesions were classified 
in the bronchopneumonia, interstitial bronchopneumonia, Ploropneummonia, 
fibrin-purulent bronchopneumonia and septic pneumonia groups. In order to 
evaluate information, SPSS 19 and Excel 2010 were used. 
 
Table1. Questionnaire 
 
ra
w 
gender Environment to 
keep livestock 
Bed of 
livestock 
Hea
rt 
beat 
respirati
on 
Observati
on of 
discharge
s from 
eyes and 
nose m
al
e 
fe
m
al
e 
d
es
er
t 
 
C
o
v
er
ed
 
li
v
es
to
ck
 
F
re
e-
sp
ac
e 
li
v
es
to
ck
 
ce
m
en
t 
sa
w
d
u
st
  
m
u
ck
 
       
       
       
       
       
       
 
3. Results 
 
Among the 552 calves referred to slaughterhouse, 496 of them were male and 56 
of them were female. In average, 138 of them were studied in each season. 
Among the total number of slaughtered calves, 56 of them had respiratory 
problems, 18 of them were female and 38 of them were male.  
Pasteurella multocida infection was reported at highest level in winter that can 
observe a significant relationship between seasons. In addition, in cases that live- 
436                                     Yaser Karimi Faradonbeh et al. 
 
 
stock were kept in closed environment, infection was higher. The greatest lesions 
were related to bronchopneumonia and the least lesions were related to septic 
pneumonia. The results are as follows: 
 
Table 2. The frequency of infection with Pasteurella multocida based on gender 
 
 Infected male calf Infected female 
calf 
frequency 38 18 
Percentage of 
frequency 
67/85 32/15 
 
Table 3. Frequency of Pasteurella multocida infections during the seasons of year 
 
 spring summer fall winter 
frequency 15 4 8 29 
Percentage of 
frequency 
26/79 7/14 14/28 51/79 
 
There are significant association between the different seasons and disease caused 
by Pasteurella multocida (P <0/05). 
 
Table 4. The place to keep livestock during breeding 
 
 Desert (grazing) Covered 
livestock 
Covered livestock 
with free space 
frequency 8 19 29 
Percentage of 
frequency 
14/28 33/93 51/79 
 
There are significant association between the location breeding animal and disease 
caused by Pasteurella multocida (P <0/05). 
 
Examination of the prevalence of pneumonia                           437 
 
 
Table 5. The bed of livestock in the initial weeks of birth 
 
 cement Sawdust muck 
frequency 12 16 28 
Percentage of 
frequency 
21/43 28/57 50 
 
There are no significant association between the litter breeding animal and disease 
caused by Pasteurella multocida (P <0/05). 
 
 
Table 6. The type of lesion in the lung 
 
 Bronchopneu
monia 
Interstitial 
bronchopneu
monia 
Septic 
pneum
onia 
Ploropneum
monia 
Fibrin-septic 
bronchopneu
monia 
frequen
cy 
19 12 2 14 9 
Percent
age of 
frequen
cy 
33/93 21/43 3/57 25 16/07 
 
In our study found that the dominant lesion bronchopneumonia and lowest lesion 
related to suppurative pneumonia. 
 
4. Discussion 
 
According to a study conducted by Karim Khani et al in Urmia, it was revealed 
that race, sex, age, and season have direct impact on incidence of pneumonic 
pasteurellosis, and it was found that the highest involvement related to hybrid race 
of buffalo in winter and Holstein race in the spring (Karim Khani et al., 2011). too 
in our study found that the highest involvment related to winter. 
In a study that was conducted in Mashhad by Mohammadi et al, it was found that 
the most common cause of pneumonia in calves is Pasteurella multocida. It was 
also found that Pasteurella multocida is sensitive to antibiotics such as Florfenicol 
and Cephalotin (Mohammadi et al., 2006). 
 
438                                     Yaser Karimi Faradonbeh et al. 
 
 
During the investigation of Garly et al carried out in 1989, among the 13 died 
calves, it was revealed that the main cause of pneumonia is Pasteurella multocida 
in all cases. The dominant lesion in this disease is fibrin bronchopneumonia. too 
in our study found that the dominant lesion in this disease is bronchopneumonia. 
In a study conducted by Sayari et al on 1622 lung in slaughterhouse, it was found 
that the greatest lung lesion related to interstitial pneumonia, with 61 percent, 
while the lowest lesion related to Suppurative bronchopneumonia, with 7/2 
percent. In addition, in the bacteria cultivation, other factors were also isolated 
such as staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas cheosis, acinetobacter species, 
Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Escherichia coli and Proteus (Gourlay et al., 1989). 
but in our study found that the dominant lesion bronchopneumonia and lowest 
lesion related to suppurative pneumonia. 
Finally, during investigations conducted by Azi et al on 12168 slaughtered sheep 
and goats the slaughterhouse of Ziaran, 282 lungs were taken. Then, in the 
research and diagnosis animal disease, suspicious samples were divided into two 
parts, one part of them was sent to Bacteriology Department and the other part 
was sent to the Pathology Department to interpret lesions. 
In the pathological cuts, the percentage of lesions was as follows: 
bronchopneumonia, interstitial bronchopneumonia, septic bronchitis, 
Ploropneummonia, septic fibrin bronchopneumonia fibrin, and developed 
pneumonia were diagnosed as 0/51, 0/17, 0/12, 0/07, 0/04, 0/09, and 0/01, 
respectively. The obtained statistical information also indicated that the frequency 
of Pasteurella is significant among seasons (Azi et al., 2007). But according to our 
study lowest lesion related to suppurative pneumonia  
 
 
References 
 
[1] A. Azi, S. Moradi, A. Jabbari, Investigation of pneumonic prevalence resulting 
from pasteurellosis in sheep and goats slaughtered in Ziaran Slaughterhouse, Razi 
Archives, 62 (2007), no. 4, 239-235. 
 
[2] D.E. Anderson, M.D. Rings, Current Veterinary Therapy 5th Edition, Food 
Animal Practice, W.B. Saunders, St. Louis, 2009, MO: 164-170. 
 
[3] E. Karimkhani, M. Zahraeesalehi, M. Sadeghizali, M. Karimkhani, R. Lamei, 
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Examination of the prevalence of pneumonia                           439 
 
 
[5] J.K. Miflin, P.J. Balckall, Development of a 23 SrRNA-based PCR assay for the 
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Received: October 24, 2015; Published: November 24, 2015 
 


Examination of the Prevalence of Pneumonia Caused by Pasteurella Multocida in Calves Referred to Slaughterhouse of Borujen City

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Examination of the Prevalence of Pneumonia Caused by Pasteurella Multocida in Calves Referred to Slaughterhouse of Borujen City

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