Aiming to characterize and discriminate between four red grapevine cultivars – ‘Aragonez’ (AR), ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (CS), ‘Syrah’ (SY) and
‘Touriga Nacional’ (TN) – grown under Mediterranean field conditions, we studied their leaf micromorphoanatomic characteristics under light
(LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The studied characteristics included those of the epidermis, stomata and hair distribution, and
the mesophyll structure. The individual primary leaf area revealed significant differences between cultivars, with the highest value presented
by AR and the lowest by CS, while SY and TN gave intermediate values. CS presented a significantly higher leaf specific dry weight value
than the other three cultivars, which returned similar values. Under SEM magnification three types of stomata were identified in all the studied
genotypes: sunken, at the same level, and raised above the other epidermal cells. Each cultivar displayed different percentages of these types of
stomata: the highest raised-above values were observed in AR; TN had the highest same-level values and the lowest sunken ones; CS revealed
the highest values for sunken stomata; while SY returned average values for all the types of stomata. Stomatal density was higher in AR and
SY and lower in CS and TN. The hairs on the lower surface presented a similar woolly aspect in all the studied cultivars, but the mesophyll
structure was quite different: CS presented the highest and AR the lowest values for total thickness of the lamina, thickness of palisade and
spongy parenchyma, and length and thickness of upper and lower epidermal cells; the values for these leaf features in TN and SY fell between
those for CS and AR. The data suggest that differences in leaf micromorphoanatomy can be used to distinguish between grapevine cultivars.
Further studies are needed to confirm whether there is any association between some of these leaf traits – e.g. stomata type and mesophyll
structure – and the physiological behaviour observed under field conditions
